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relief noun
⇨ relief (What relief!) ⇨ aid (famine relief) ⇨ replacement (a relief driver) relief noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ sympathy 另见sympathy条relief ♦︎ comfort ♦︎ reassurance ♦︎ consolationThese are all words for the feeling of being less unhappy, or the person or thing that makes you less unhappy. 这些词均表示安慰、慰藉、宽慰，或令人感到安慰的人或事物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a relief / comfort / consolation to sb◆relief / comfort / reassurance / consolation in sth◆the comfort / reassurance / consolation that...◆(a) great relief / comfort / reassurance / consolation◆to seek / find / bring / offer (sb) relief / comfort / reassurance / consolation◆to give sb comfort / reassurance◆to take comfort / consolation◆It's a relief / comfort / consolation to know / have / be, etc....■ relief [uncountable, singular] the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen; the act of removing or reducing pain, worry or suffering （不快过后的）宽慰，轻松，解脱；（疼痛、忧虑或痛苦的）减轻，消除，缓和◆We all breathed a sigh of relief when he came back safely.他平安归来后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。◆Much to my relief the car was not damaged.令我非常庆幸的是车没有损坏。◆It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.能和别人谈谈这件事，舒心多了。◆What a relief!可轻松了！◆modern methods of pain relief现代消除疼痛的办法◆the relief of poverty / misery / suffering消除贫穷／不幸／痛苦 see also relieve ⇨ ease , relieved ⇨ glad ■ comfort [uncountable, singular] a feeling of being less unhappy or not suffering or worrying so much; a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy 安慰；慰藉；宽慰；令人感到安慰的人（或事物）◆I drew comfort from his words.他的话让我感到安慰。◆I tried to offer a few words of comfort.我试图说上几句安慰的话。◆The children have been a great comfort to me through all of this.整个过程，孩子们一直是我的巨大安慰。◆It's a comfort to know that she is safe.知道她安然无恙令人宽慰。 see also comfort ⇨ reassure verb ■ reassurance /ˌriːəˈʃʊərəns, ˌriːəˈʃɔːrəns; NAmE ˌriːəˈʃʊrəns/ [uncountable, countable] the fact of giving advice or help that takes away a person's fears or doubts; something that is said or done to take away a person's fears or doubts （能消除恐惧或疑虑的）肯定，保证；使人安心的话语（或行动）◆Teenagers need love, encouragement and reassurance from their parents.青少年需要父母的爱、鼓励和安慰。◆We have been given reassurances that the water is safe to drink.我们得到保证说这水适合饮用。 see also reassure ⇨ reassure ■ consolation /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃn/ [countable, uncountable] a person or thing that makes you feel better when you are unhappy or disappointed; a feeling of being less worried or unhappy 使感到安慰的人（或事物）；安慰；慰藉◆If it's any consolation, she didn't get the job either.不知道这算不算得上安慰，她也没有得到那份工作。◆When things went wrong, she found consolation in her religious beliefs.遇到不如意的事时，她从她的宗教信仰中寻得安慰。 see also console ⇨ reassure NOTE 辨析 Comfort or consolation?These words can be used in many of the same patterns. 这两个词可用于许多相同的句型◆If it's any comfort / consolation to you...不知道这算不算得上安慰⋯◆It's a great comfort / consolation that...令人极为宽慰的是⋯◆to seek / find / take comfort / consolation寻求／寻得／得到安慰However, there is a slight difference in meaning. You might find consolation after a disappointment, such as losing a competition or not getting a job; you might find comfort in a more serious situation when sth has really made you unhappy or worried. 不过，两词的意思略有不同。consolation指失望后得到的安慰，例如在竞争中失利或未得到工作；comfort指发生更严重的确实令人不快或担心的情况时得到的安慰◆Chocolate is a great comfort food (= it makes you feel better).巧克力是很棒的可以舒缓心情的食品。◆Six runners-up will get a consolation prize of a disposable camera (= a small prize, even though they did not win the competition).没有拿到冠军的六名得奖者将获得一次性相机作为安慰奖。 aid noun aid ♦︎ help ♦︎ welfare ♦︎ relief ♦︎ charity ♦︎ social security ♦︎ handoutThese are all words for help, money, food and other supplies that are given to people who are poor, sick or in need in some way. 这些词均表示救济、捐助或援助。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆aid / help / welfare / relief / charity / social security / handouts for sb◆to be on welfare / social security◆emergency aid / help / relief◆government / state aid / help / welfare / relief / handouts◆direct / immediate / financial / medical aid / help / relief◆to get / receive aid / help / welfare / relief / charity / social security / handouts◆to accept aid / help / charity◆to give (sb) aid / help / relief / charity / handouts◆to provide / send / promise aid / help / relief◆to ask for aid / help / welfare / relief / charity◆to rely / depend on help / welfare / charity / social security / handouts◆to live on welfare / charity / social security■ aid [uncountable] money, food, medicine and other supplies that are sent to help countries in difficult situations 援助（如款项、食品、药品等）；救援物资◆An extra £10 million in foreign aid has been promised.额外的1 000万英镑外国援助款项已经得到许诺。◆Much of the funding has come from international aid agencies (= organizations that provide help).很多资金来自国际救援机构。■ help [uncountable] advice or money that is given to sb in order to solve their problems 帮助，援助，救助（如建议或金钱）◆I decided to seek legal help.我决定寻求法律援助。◆The organization offers practical help in dealing with paperwork.这个机构提供文件处理方面的实际帮助。 see also help ⇨ help verb 2 ■ welfare / /ˈwelfeə(r); NAmE ˈwelfer/ [uncountable] practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it （政府给予的）福利◆The state is still the main provider of welfare.政府仍然是福利的主要提供者。◆Animal welfare groups want this practice banned altogether.动物保护团体希望全面禁止这种做法。ⓘ In American English welfare is also money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed or sick. In British English this is called social security. 美式英语中welfare还指政府定期发给贫困、失业或疾患人口的保障金，英式英语称之为social security◆They would rather work than live on welfare.他们宁愿工作也不愿靠社会保障金过活。 see also on welfare ⇨ unemployed ■ relief [uncountable] money, food, medicine and other supplies that are sent to help people in countries where there has been a war or natural disaster （因战乱或天灾而提供的）救援物品，救济◆We raised £5 000 for famine relief.我们为赈济饥荒筹集了5 000英镑。 see also relieve ⇨ ease NOTE 辨析 Aid or relief? Aid is often used to talk about money given to countries in financial trouble, often over a period of time. Relief is used more often to talk about money, medicine, food, etc. given to people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster, usually as an immediate response to a sudden emergency. * aid常指给予经济困难国家的资金援助，且通常持续一段时期。relief多指给予遭受战争或自然灾害地区灾民的资金、药品、食品等，通常是对突发紧急情况的即时应对。■ charity [uncountable] the aim of giving money, food and help to people who are in need 慈善；赈济◆Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.大多数人参加伦敦马拉松赛跑是为慈善事业募集资金。◆He refused to live off charity (= to live on money which other people give you because you are poor).他拒绝靠救济过活。■ ˌsocial seˈcurity [uncountable] (BrE) money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed or sick （定期给予贫困、失业、疾患人口的）社会保障金◆He's been living on social security for the past two months.过去两个月他一直靠社会保障金生活。■ handout /ˈhændaʊt/ / [countable] (sometimes disapproving) food, money or clothes that are given to a person who is poor （给予穷人的）施舍，救济品（如食物、金钱或衣物）◆I don't want to be dependent on handouts.我不想依靠别人的施舍。 see also handout ⇨ gift , hand sth out ⇨ distribute replacement noun replacement ♦︎ substitute ♦︎ reserve ♦︎ surrogate ♦︎ relief ♦︎ understudy ♦︎ stand-in ♦︎ cover ♦︎ proxyThese are all words for a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have. 这些词均表示代替者、代替物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a replacement / a substitute / a surrogate / an understudy / a stand-in / cover / a proxy for sb / sth◆(an) adequate replacement / substitute / stand-in / cover◆a / an good / satisfactory / appropriate / suitable / likely / possible / ideal / poor replacement / substitute◆to act as a replacement / a substitute / surrogate / understudy / stand-in / proxy◆to get a replacement / a substitute / cover◆to appoint a replacement / substitute / proxy◆to go on as / use sth as a replacement / substitute■ replacement [countable] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a thing that replaces sth, especially because the first thing is old or broken; a person who replaces another person in an organization, especially in their job 替代品，替换物（尤因原先的物品已陈旧或损坏）；（尤指工作上的）接替者，替代者◆a hip replacement人工髋关节◆replacement windows新换的窗子◆If your passport is stolen you should apply for a replacement immediately.如果护照被偷，应立即申请更换。◆We need to find a replacement for Sue.我们需要找一个替代苏的人。 see also replacement ⇨ exchange ■ substitute [countable] a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have; an extra player who plays in a sports team when one of the other players is injured or not available to play 代替者；代替物；代用品；替补队员◆a meat / milk substitute肉食／牛奶替代品◆The book will teach you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.本书将教给你理论，但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。◆The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.坐当地的公交车比坐他们自己的汽车可差远了。◆I regarded them as a substitute family.我把他们看作我的亲人。◆He was brought on as a substitute after half-time.他作为替补队员在下半场上场。ⓘ In informal language a substitute in sports can be called a sub. 在非正式语言中，substitute表示替补队员时可简称sub。 see also substitution ⇨ exchange ■ reserve [countable] (especially BrE) a substitute player in a sports team 替补队员；后备队员◆The team consists of three competitors plus one reserve.运动队包括三名参赛选手和一名替补队员。ⓘ The reserves (especially BrE) [plural] are a sports team that plays when the usual one is not available. The reserve [singular] / the reserves [plural] (BrE, NAmE) is an extra military or police force that is not part of a country's regular forces, but is available to be used when needed. 尤其在英式英语中，复数形式的the reserves指替补运动队。单数形式的the reserve或复数形式的the reserves指预备役部队、后备警察队◆The missile landed on a US army reserve barracks.导弹落在一处美国预备役部队军营。 ■ surrogate /ˈsʌrəgət; NAmE ˈsɜːrəgət/ [countable] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) (rather formal) a person or thing that takes the place of, or is used instead of, sb/sth else 替代者；替代物；代用品◆She saw him as a sort of surrogate father.在她心目中，他仿佛是能替代父亲角色的人。◆For these people, television is a surrogate for real life.对这些人来说，电视是现实生活的替代品。ⓘ In everyday English, surrogate is most often used to talk about people who take the place of real parents. However, a surrogate mother is usually a woman who actually gives birth to a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies herself. When surrogate is used to talk about things, it is a more formal way of saying substitute. 在日常英语中，surrogate最常用于表示替代真正父母的人。不过，surrogate mother通常指代孕母亲。当surrogate修饰事物时，它是substitute更正式的说法。■ relief [countable + singular or plural verb] (often used as an adjective 常用作形容词) a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick 替班者；接替人；换班者◆The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o'clock.下一批换班的员工9点钟接班。◆We have a pool of relief drivers available to us.我们有一些换班的司机可供调用。■ understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi; NAmE ˈʌndərstʌdi/ [countable] an actor who learns the part of another actor in a play so that they can play that part if necessary 候补演员；替角◆She worked as an understudy to Elaine Page.她担任了伊莲•佩姬的候补演员。■ ˈstand-in [countable] (rather informal) a person who does sb's job for a short time when they are not available; a person who replaces an actor in some scenes in a film, especially dangerous ones 代行职务者；（尤指影视中危险动作的）替身演员◆I acted as Tom's stand-in when he was away.汤姆不在时我替他顶班。◆Most of the stunts are performed by stand-ins.大部分特技由替身演员完成。■ cover [uncountable] the fact of sb doing another person's job when they are away or when there are not enough staff 代替工作；代劳；替补◆It's the manager's job to organize cover for employees who are absent.安排他人顶替缺席的员工是经理的工作。■ proxy [countable, uncountable] (formal or law 法律) a person who has been given the authority to represent sb else 代理人；受托人；代表◆Your proxy will need to sign the form on your behalf.你的代理人将需要代表你在表格上签字。 |