switch verb ⇨replace2 (switch my glass with hers)⇨switch (switch over to a new system)switch noun ⇨button1 (a light switch)⇨change2 (a policy switch)
replace2
verb
Teachers will never be replaced by computers.电脑永远取代不了老师。replace the old carpets更换旧地毯replace ♦︎ switch ♦︎ change ♦︎ exchange ♦︎ substitute ♦︎ swap ♦︎ trade ♦︎ reverse ♦︎ barterThese words all mean to remove sb/sth and put another person or thing in their place.这些词均表示替换、更换。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to switch / change / exchange / substitute / swap / trade / barter A for B◆to replace / substitute / switch B with A◆to switch / exchange / swap / reverse A and B◆to replace / change a battery / bulb / fuse / tyre / wheel◆to switch / exchange / swap / reverse roles◆to change / exchange / swap / trade places◆to change / swap seats / clothes◆to exchange / swap / trade stories / jokes◆to exchange / swap experiences / news / phone numbers◆to exchange / trade insults◆to simply replace / switch / change / exchange / substitute / reverse sth◆to easily replace / switch / change / substitute / swap sth■replace [transitive] (ratherformal) to remove sb/sth and put a different or better person or thing in their place替换；接替；更换◆He will be difficult to replace when he leaves.他离职时，他的位置很难有人接替。◆All the old carpets need replacing.所有的旧地毯均要更换。◆She had an operation to replace both hips.她做了一次手术，替换掉两个髋关节。 see also replacement ⇨ exchange■switch [transitive] (ratherinformal) to put one thing in the place of another, and put the second thing in the place of the first交换；掉换；对调◆The dates of the last two exams have been switched.最后两门考试的日期掉换了。◆Do you think she'll notice if I switch my glass with hers?要是把我的杯子跟她的换了，你认为她看得出来吗？◆I see you've switched the furniture around(= changed its position).我看出来你把家具重摆了。■change [transitive] to replace one thing, person or service with sth new or different; to take sb else's position or place while they take yours替换，更换（东西、人或服务）；互换，交换（位置或座位）◆Marie changed her name when she got married.玛丽结婚后改了姓。◆That back tyre needs changing.那个后轮胎需要更换。◆At half-time the teams change ends.球队在半场时交换场地。◆Can I change seats with you?我可以和你换座位吗？◆I want to change my doctor.我想另找一位医生看病。ⓘ The usual word in American English used to talk about giving sth back for a better thing of the same kind, is exchange; this sounds rather formal in British English.在美式英语中， 表示换上更好的同类东西用exchange，这在英式英语中听起来相当正式◆ (BrE) We changed the car for a bigger one.我们换了辆更大的汽车。◆ (NAmE) We exchanged the car for a bigger one.我们换了辆更大的汽车。■exchange [transitive] to give sth to sb and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them; to give or return sth that you have and get sth different or better instead交换；交流；兑换；更换◆We use the forum to exchange ideas.我们利用这个论坛交流思想。◆I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.我与经理握手，交谈了几句。◆Juliet and David exchanged glances(= they looked at each other).朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。◆The two men exchanged blows(= hit each other).两个男人互殴起来。◆You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅馆将钱兑换成美元。◆If it doesn't fit, take it back and the store will exchange it.如果不合适就把它拿回去，商店会给你换一个。 see also exchange ⇨ exchangenoun, exchange ⇨ discussionnoun■substitute [transitive] to use sb/sth instead of sb/sth else（用⋯）代替，取代◆Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。◆Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.做这道菜可以用人造黄油代替黄油。◆Gerrard was substituted in the second half after a knee injury(= sb else played instead of Gerrard in the second half).下半场杰拉德膝盖受伤被换下。ⓘ You can substitute A for B or substitute B with A: in both cases you use A instead of B. You can also just say that you substitute sth: in this case the context needs to make clear whether the 'sth' is being used instead of sth, or is replacing sth else.可以说substitute A for B或substitute B with A，这两种说法均指用A代替B。还可以只说substitute sth，但这时必须能从上下文确定替换者和被替换者。 see also substitution ⇨ exchange■swap ( swop) /swɒp; NAmEswɑːp/ (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] to exchange sth with sb交换；互换◆I've finished this magazine. Can I swap with you?这本杂志我看完了，我能跟你交换一下吗？◆I swapped my red scarf for her blue one.我用我的红围巾换了她的蓝围巾。◆We spent the evening in the bar swapping stories(= telling each other stories) about our travels.我们一晚上坐在酒吧里互聊各自的旅途经历。◆ (especially BrE) Can we swap places? I can't see the screen.咱俩换一下座位好吗？我看不见屏幕。ⓘ Especially in British English, swap can also mean to give or return sth that you have and get sth different or better instead.尤其在英式英语中，swap亦可指改换成别的东西◆I think I'll swap this sweater for one in another colour.我想把这件毛衣换成别的颜色。 see also swap ⇨ exchangenoun■trade [transitive] (especially NAmEorjournalism新闻) to exchange sth with sb交换；互换◆She traded her posters for his CD.她以海报换取他的CD。◆I wouldn't mind trading places with her for a day.我不介意和她掉换一天位置。◆Cabinet colleagues traded insults over the future of the pound.内阁同僚为英镑的未来互相谩骂。NOTE辨析 Switch, exchange, swap or trade?Switch is often used when one thing is exchanged for another without sb else being asked or even knowing about it. * switch常指未征询他人意见或在他人甚至不知情的情况下掉换◆The two babies had been switched at birth.两个婴儿在出生时已被掉换。◆The two babies had been exchanged/swapped/traded at birth.Exchange is more formal than swap or trade and is often used in fixed phrases when people look at or talk to each other. * exchange比swap和trade正式，常用于与相视或交谈有关的固定词组◆to exchange glances / a few words交换眼神；交谈几句◆to swap/trade glances/a few wordsYou can also exchange information/ideas. Swap is used more for physical things, although you can swap stories/jokes; trade is used for things and places, stories, jokes and insults in American English; in British English it is mostly used just for stories, jokes and insults, not physical things. In British English you change/swap places.还可以说exchange information/ideas（交流信息／思想）。swap多指交换实体的东西，但也可以说swap stories/jokes（互相讲故事／笑话）；trade在美式英语中的宾语为物品或places、stories、jokes及insults；在英式英语中的宾语主要是stories、jokes和insults，而非实体的东西。在英式英语中可以说change/swap places（换座位）。■reverse [transitive] to exchange the positions or functions of two people or things交换（位置或功能）◆It felt as if we had reversed our roles of parent and child.我们之间家长与孩子的关系好像倒过来了。◆She used to work for me, but our situations are now reversed.过去她为我工作，而现在我们的地位对调了。ⓘ In this meaning, reverse collocates with roles, situations and positions.表达此义时，reverse与roles、situations和positions搭配。 see also reversal ⇨ exchangenoun■barter [transitive, intransitive] to exchange goods, property or services for other goods, etc. without using money交换（货品、财产或服务）；以物易物◆The local people bartered wheat for farm machinery.当地人用小麦换取农机。◆The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for items like writing paper and books.囚犯试着从看守那里换得稿纸和书之类的东西。 see also barter ⇨ exchangenoun
switch
verb
switch ♦︎ change (sth) over ♦︎ convert ♦︎ swapThese words all mean to change or make sth change from one thing to another.这些词均表示改变、转变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to switch over / change over / convert from sth to sth◆to switch / change / swap over◆to switch / convert / swap easily■switch [intransitive, transitive] (ratherinformal) to change or make sth change from one thing to another改变；转变◆Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.按这两个键，可以切换屏幕上的文件。◆The meeting has been switched to next week.会议改到下周举行。◆When did you switch jobs?你什么时候换了工作？ see also switch ⇨ changenoun2■ˌchange ˈover■ˌchange sth ˈover
phrasal verb
to change or make sth change from one system or position to another改变（系统或位置）◆The farm has changed over to organic methods.农场已改用有机作业。◆We've changed the farm over to organic production.我们已经将农场改变为有机化生产。 see also change ⇨ changenoun2NOTE辨析 Switch or change over?Switch is more informal than change over and is often used in journalism. Change over is more often used with to than from. * switch不如change over正式，常用于新闻中。change over更常与to而非from连用◆to change over to nicotine gum / dairy farming / a nuclear policy改用尼古丁口香糖；改为养乳牛；转变为核政策Switch is often used to talk about moving between two opposite positions, or from an old-fashioned system to a new one. * switch常指在两个相反的位置之间移动，或从旧系统向新系统转换◆to switch over from recovery to relapse从康复转变为旧病复发◆to switch over to a metric standard / electronic mail改用公制标准／电子邮件■convert /kənˈvɜːt; NAmEkənˈvɜːrt/ [intransitive] (ratherformal) to change a habit or opinion改变（习惯或观点）◆I've converted to organic food.我改吃有机食物了。 see also conversion ⇨ changenoun2■swap ( swop) /swɒp; NAmEswɑːp/ (-pp-) [intransitive] to start doing sb else's job, etc. while they do yours交换（工作）◆I'll drive there and then we'll swap over on the way back.去的时候我开车，回来时咱俩再倒换过来。 see also swap ⇨ exchangenoun
button1
noun
Press the red button.按下红色按钮。a jacket with gold buttons钉着金色纽扣的夹克衫button ♦︎ switch ♦︎ control ♦︎ wheel ♦︎ key ♦︎ handle ♦︎ lever ♦︎ knob ♦︎ dialThese are all words for the part of a machine, vehicle or piece of equipment that you press, turn or move to make it work.这些词均表示按钮、开关、操控装置。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a button / switch / key / handle / lever / knob / dial on sth◆the on / off / on-off button / switch◆a control button / switch / key / lever / knob◆a door handle / knob◆a volume control button / switch / knob / dial◆to be at / take the controls / wheel◆to press a button / switch / key / lever◆to push a button / switch / handle / lever◆to pull a switch / handle / lever◆to turn a wheel / handle / knob / dial◆to hit a button / switch / key◆to adjust the controls / lever / knob / dial◆a button / switch / handle / lever / knob / dial controls sth◆a / the button / switch / controls / wheel / handle / lever operates sth◆a / the button / switch / controls / lever / knob / dial adjusts sth■button [countable] a small part of a machine that you press to make it work（机器的）按钮，键◆the play / stop / rewind button播放键；停止键；倒带键◆Adam pressed a button and waited for the doors to open.亚当按了一个按钮，等着门打开。◆Choose 'printer' from the menu and click with the right mouse button.从选单上选取“打印机”，然后点击鼠标右键。◆The windows slide down at the touch of a button.按一下开关，窗玻璃便降下来。■switch [countable] a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off（电路的）开关，闸◆a light switch电灯开关◆That was in the days before electricity was available at the flick of a switch.那是在过去，还没有到开关一响就有电的时代。◆Which switch do I press to turn it off?我按哪个开关能把它关掉？◆to throw a switch(= to move a large switch)扳动开关 see also switch sth off ⇨ turn sth off, switch sth on ⇨ turn sth on■control [countable, usually plural] the switches and buttons, etc. that you use to operate a machine or vehicle, for example a plane（机器、车辆、飞机等的）操纵装置，开关，按钮◆the controls of an aircraft飞机的操纵装置◆the control panel控制面板◆the volume control of a CD playerCD播放机的音量调节钮◆The co-pilot was at the controls when the plane landed.副驾驶员操纵着飞机着陆。 see also control ⇨ operate■wheel [countable, usually singular] the round object used to steer a car, bus, etc. or ship（汽车等的）方向盘；（轮船的）舵轮◆He drummed his fingers on the steering wheel and waited.他等候时用手指嗒嗒地敲击方向盘。◆This is the first time I've sat behind the wheel since the accident.这是出车祸以来我头一次坐在方向盘前。◆A car swept past with Laura at the wheel.劳拉驱车疾驰而过。◆Do you want to take the wheel(= drive / steer) now?你现在想开车吗？■key [countable] any of the buttons that you press to operate a computer or typewriter; any of the wooden or metal parts that you press to play a piano and some other musical instruments（计算机、打字机、钢琴等乐器的）键◆Press the return key to enter the information.按返回键输入信息。◆His hands flew over the piano keys and beautiful sounds filled the theatre.他的双手在琴键上飞舞，美妙的钢琴声充满了剧场。▸key
verb
[transitive] ◆Key (in) your password.键入密码。■handle [countable] the part of a door, drawer, window, etc. that you use to open it把手；拉手◆She turned the handle and opened the door.她转动把手，打开了门。◆He tried the handle but the window was locked.他扳了扳拉手，但窗户锁上了。■lever [countable] a handle used to operate a vehicle or piece of machinery（车辆或机器的）操纵杆，控制杆◆Pull the lever towards you to adjust the speed.把操纵杆往你身前拉动以调节速度。■knob / /nɒb; NAmEnɑːb/ [countable] a round switch on a machine such as a radio that you use to turn it on and off, etc.; a round handle on a door or drawer（用以开关收音机等的）旋钮；（门或抽屉的）球形把手◆the volume control knob音量控制旋钮◆I've tried twiddling the knobs, but nothing seems to happen.我试着转动那些旋钮，但似乎没什么反应。◆She turned the heavy brass door knob.她转动门上沉重的黄铜球形把手。■dial /ˈdaɪəl/ / [countable] the round control on a radio, cooker, etc. that you turn in order to adjust sth, for example to choose a particular station or temperature（收音机、炉灶等的）调节盘，控制盘◆You can tune into our station at 1460 on the radio dial.用调节盘把收音机的频率调到1460，就可以收听到我们的电台。◆Set the dial for the number of copies requested.在控制盘上设定好需要复印的份数。
change2
noun
a change in the weather天气的变化make changes to sth改变某事change ♦︎ amendment ♦︎ transition ♦︎ adjustment ♦︎ conversion ♦︎ modification ♦︎ switch ♦︎ alteration ♦︎ revision ♦︎ adaptationThese are all words for the act or result of making sth different.这些词均表示改变、调整、更正。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a change / an amendment / a transition / an adjustment / a conversion / a modification / a switch / an alteration / a revision / an adaptation to sth◆a change / an adjustment / a modification / a switch / an alteration in sth◆(a) major change / amendment / transition / adjustment / modification / alteration / revision / adaptation◆(an) important change / amendment / transition / adjustment / modification / switch / alteration / revision◆(a) radical change / adjustment / alteration / revision / adaptation◆(a) slight change / amendment / adjustment / modification / alteration / revision◆(a) constant change / adjustment / modification / alteration / revision / adaptation◆to propose / suggest a change / an amendment / a modification / an alteration / a revision / an adaptation◆to make a change / an amendment / the transition / an adjustment / a modification / a switch / an alteration / a revision / an adaptation◆to carry out / undertake a conversion / modification / an alteration / revision◆to need / require amendment / adjustment / modification / alteration / revision◆to undergo a transition / modification / alteration / revision■change[countable, uncountable] the act or result of making sth different改变；变化；变更◆I made a couple of minor changes to the opening paragraph.我对起始段作了几处小改动。◆He made a rapid gear change as he approached the bend.接近拐弯处时，他快速换挡。◆He called for a change of mood in Scottish politics.他号召改变苏格兰政治的氛围。◆Train times are subject to change without notice.列车时刻表可能会变更而不另行通知。 see also change over ⇨ switchverb■amendment / /əˈmendmənt/ / [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) a small change or improvement that is made to a law or document; the process of changing a law or document（法律或文件的）改动，修正案，修订◆A major amendment was introduced into the legislation.对此项法规进行了一项重大修订。◆Parliament passed the bill without further amendment.议会未作进一步修改便通过了议案。 see also amend ⇨ adjust■transition / /trænˈzɪʃn, trænˈsɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another过渡；转变；变迁◆The company was slow to make the transition from paper to computer.这家公司从纸本到电脑的转变缓慢。◆He will remain head of state during the period of transition to democracy.在向民主政权过渡的时期，他仍将是国家首脑。◆This class is useful for students who are in transition(= in the process of changing) from one training programme to another.对转换培训项目的学生来说，这一课程很有用。◆We need to ensure a smooth transition between the old system and the new one.我们需要确保新旧制度的平稳过渡。▸transitional
adjective
◆a transitional period过渡时期◆a transitional government过渡政府■adjustment / /əˈdʒʌstmənt/ / [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) a small change that is made to sth in order to correct or improve it; a change in the way a person behaves or thinks调节；（行为或思想的）调整，适应◆I've made a few adjustments to the design.我对设计作了几处调整。◆Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary.可能需要调整一下镜头。◆She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her marriage broke up.婚姻破裂后，她熬过了一段感情调整期。ⓘ Adjustment is usually used to talk about small changes made to objects, rather than documents. * adjustment常指对物品，而非文件作的小调整、小变化。 see also adjust ⇨ adjust■conversion / /kənˈvɜːʃn; NAmEkənˈvɜːrʒn/ [uncountable, countable] the act or process of changing sth from one form, use or system to another（形式、用途或系统上的）转变，转换，转化◆Their main business is the conversion of farm buildings into family homes.他们的主要业务是将农场建筑物改建为家庭住宅。◆Conversion to gas central heating will save you a lot of money.转成燃气中央供暖系统可以省不少钱。◆The firm specializes in house conversions(= turning large houses into several smaller flats or apartments).这家公司专营房屋改建。 see also convert ⇨ turn2, convert ⇨ switch■modification /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; NAmEˌmɑːdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the act or process of changing sth in order to correct or improve it or make it more acceptable; a change that is made修改；改进；改变◆Considerable modification of the existing system is needed.需要对现有系统进行相当大的改进。◆It might be necessary to make a few slight modifications to the design.也许有必要对这个设计稍作几处修改。 see also modify ⇨ adjust■switch [countable] (ratherinformal, especially journalism尤用于新闻) a change from one thing to another, especially when this is sudden and complete（尤指突然彻底的）改变，转变◆She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.第一个孩子出生后，她就从全职改为兼职工作了。◆He has vehemently opposed the policy switch.他强烈反对改变政策。 see also switch ⇨ switchverb■alteration /ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] a change to sth that makes it different; the act of making a change to sth改变；变化；改动◆They are making some major alterations to the house.他们在对这栋房子作一些大改动。◆The dress will not need much alteration.这条连衣裙不需要大改。NOTE辨析 Adjustment, modification or alteration?Adjustments are usually small changes that are made to designs or equipment. Modification can be used to talk about a wider variety of changes, but it is often used to describe larger changes made to systems or vehicles. Alteration is often used to talk about changes people make to buildings, especially their houses. * adjustment常指对设计方案或设备所作的小调整。modification所指的改变含义更广，但常指对系统或车辆所作的大改变。alteration常指对建筑物，尤其是住宅所作的改变。■revision / /rɪˈvɪʒn/ / [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the act of changing sth, or of examining sth with the intention of changing it; a change or set of changes made修改；检查；（一项或一轮）修订◆The system is in need of revision.系统需要更新。◆He made some minor revisions to the report before printing it out.把报告打印出来之前，他作了一些小的修改。ⓘ Revisions are usually made to correct sth that is wrong, or to bring sth up to date. * revision通常指修订错误，或进行更新。 see also revise ⇨ adjust, revise ⇨ revise■adaptation / /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ / [uncountable] (ratherformal) the process of changing sth, for example your behaviour, to suit a new situation适应◆We've been studying the adaptation of species to hot conditions.我们一直在研究物种对炎热环境的适应问题。