| 例句 |
total verb
⇨ be (Imports totalled $1.5 billion.) ⇨ count (points are totalled) ⇨ crash (total a car)total adj.
⇨ complete (a total disaster) ⇨ whole (the total profit) be linking verb be ♦︎ total ♦︎ equal ♦︎ add up to sth ♦︎ amount to sth ♦︎ number ♦︎ run to sthThese words all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amounts have been added together. 这些词均表示总计、总和等于。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / number / run to 50 / 2 million, etc.◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / run to $250 / 75%◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to about / around / approximately sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to nearly / almost / over / more than / at least sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number fewer than / no more than sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to less than sth◆to total / amount to / number / run to some 50, 300, pages, pieces, etc.◆profits / scores total / add up to / amount to sth◆income totals / adds up to / amounts to sth◆a / an group / crowd / army totals / numbers 25, 1000, etc.■ be to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆Three and three is six.三加三等于六。◆How much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？◆Let x be the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。■ total (-ll-, NAmE -l-) (especially business 尤用于商业) to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总数达；共计◆Imports totalled $1.5 billion last year.去年的进口总额达15亿元。◆In 2005-6, college enrolments totalled some 5 400.2005至2006学年大学招生总数约为5 400人。 see also total ⇨ whole adj. ■ equal (-ll-, NAmE -l-)to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆2x plus y equals 7 (2x+y=7) 2x加y等于7。◆A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。 see also equal ⇨ equal adj. NOTE 辨析 Be or equal?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆Three and three is / equals six.三加三等于六。◆Let x be / equal the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。However, equal is not usually used in questions. 不过，equal通常不用于疑问句中◆How much does a thousand pounds equal in Euros? It is slightly more formal than be and is usually only used in exact sums. * equal比be稍正式，通常只用于表示确切的数目◆A metre is about / around / approximately 40 inches.1米约等于40英寸。◆A metre equals about/around/approximately 40 inches. ■ ˌadd ˈup to sth phrasal verb to make a total amount or number of sth 总共是；总计为◆The numbers add up to exactly 100.这些数字的总和恰好是100。◆Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970.他们的收入分别是250英镑、300英镑和420英镑，共计970英镑。■ aˈmount to sth phrasal verb to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总计为；共计◆His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.据说他每年的酬金高达30万英镑。■ number to make a particular number when added together 总计；共计；数以⋯计◆The crowd numbered more than a thousand.聚集的人群共计一千多人。◆We numbered 20 (= there were 20 of us in the group).我们总共20人。NOTE 辨析 Total, add up to sth, amount to sth or number? Add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a total through mathematics or counting; total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result. Total and amount to sth are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company or industry. Number usually has people as the subject of the sentence; total is the only other verb that can be used like this. * add up to和number强调通过计算得出总数的过程； total和amount to sth更着重于得出的数目或数量，而非计算的过程。total和amount to sth尤用于描述公司或产业业绩的商业写作中。number的主语通常是人，本组同义词中只有total也可这么用◆The crew totalled / numbered sixteen.机组人员共计十六人。◆The crew added up to/amounted to sixteen. ■ ˈrun to sth phrasal verb to be of a particular size or amount, especially when this is surprisingly large 达到，有（尤指惊人的规模或数量）◆The book runs to nearly 800 pages.这本书有近800页。◆The cost of repairing damaged roads alone will run to £1 million.单是修复损毁道路的花费就将达到100万英镑。 count verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ calculate and ⇨ estimate verb 另见calculate条和estimate动词词条count ♦︎ add ♦︎ tally ♦︎ tot sth up ♦︎ totalThese words all mean to calculate a total number or amount. 这些词均表示计算总数或总额。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to count / add / tally / tot / total up how much / many...◆to count / add / tally / tot up the number of sth◆to add up / tot up the amount / the cost of sth◆to count / add up / tally / tot up / total sb's points / score■ count [transitive, intransitive] to calculate the total number of people or things in a particular group 计算（或清点）总数◆The diet is based on counting calories.这个饮食安排是以热量统计为依据的。◆She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.她开始计算他们得邀请多少个客人。◆There are 12 weeks to go, counting from today.从今天算起还有12个星期。 see also count ⇨ estimate noun ■ add [transitive] to put numbers or amounts together to get a total 加◆Add 9 to the total.总数再加上9。◆If you add all these amounts together you get a huge figure.把这些数量加在一起就会得到一个巨额数字。 OPP take , subtract ⇨ discount ▸ addition noun [uncountable] ◆children learning addition and subtraction学习加减法的儿童 OPP subtraction ⇨ discount NOTE 辨析 Count or add? Adding involves at least two numbers or amounts (you add sth to sth else), counting involves just one step (you count sth). You add numbers or amounts, but you cannot count amounts. * add的对象至少是两个数目或数量（用add A to B句式），count只需一个步骤（用count sth句式）。add的宾语可以是数目或数量，但count的宾语不能是数量◆to add up / count the number of people累计／清点人数◆to add up the amount of rainfall累计降雨量◆to count the amount of rainfall This is because you can only count countable nouns, not uncountable ones. You can also count, but not add, people and objects. 这是因为count表示的“清点”只可以点数可数名词，不能点数不可数名词。count的宾语还可以是人和物，add则不可◆to count tickets / people / votes清点票数／人数／选票◆to add up people/tickets/votes ■ tally [transitive] (rather informal, especially business 尤用于商业) to calculate the total number or amount of sth 计算（总数或总额）◆When we tallied up the cost of moving, we decided against it.计算了搬迁的成本之后，我们决定不这样做。ⓘ Tally is often used in business, when referring to things such as sales figures, costs or other economic results. * tally常为商业用语，在提到销售数字、成本或其他经济数据时使用。 see also tally ⇨ estimate noun ■ ˌtot sth ˈup phrasal verb (-tt-) (BrE, informal) to add together several numbers or amounts in order to get a total 把⋯加起来；计算⋯的总和◆Let's tot up everybody's points and see who's won.让我们计算一下每个人的分数，看谁赢了。◆The trip isn't really that cheap when you tot everything up.如果把每一项都加起来的话，这个行程并非真那么便宜。■ total (-ll-, NAmE -l-) [transitive, usually passive] to add up the numbers of sb/sth and get a total, especially a total score 把⋯加起来，计算⋯的总和（尤指计算总分）◆Each student's points were totalled and entered in a list.每个学生的总分都已计算出来并列入表中。 see also total ⇨ whole adj. crash verb crash ♦︎ slam ♦︎ collide ♦︎ smash ♦︎ plough into sth ♦︎ bang into sth ♦︎ wreck ♦︎ write sth off ♦︎ totalThese are all words that can be used when sth, especially a vehicle, hits sth else very hard. 这些词均表示碰撞、相撞，尤指撞车。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to crash / slam / smash / plough / bang into sth◆to crash / slam / smash sth into sth◆two vehicles crash / collide◆two vehicles crash / slam / smash / bang into each other◆to crash / smash / wreck / write off / total a car / truck / vehicle◆to crash / collide head-on■ crash [intransitive, transitive] (rather informal) to hit an object or another vehicle, causing damage; to make a vehicle do this （使）撞车，碰撞，相撞◆I was terrified that the plane would crash.飞机可能会失事，我吓坏了。◆Look out! We're (= our car is) going to crash!当心！我们要撞车了！◆He crashed the car into a tree.他开车撞到树上了。 see also crash ⇨ accident noun ■ slam (-mm-) [intransitive, transitive] (always used with into or against 总是与into或against连用) to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this （使⋯）重重地撞上◆The car skidded and slammed into a tree.汽车打滑撞到了树上。◆The force of the explosion slammed me against the wall.爆炸的力量把我摔到墙上。 see also slam ⇨ close verb 1 ■ collide / /kəˈlaɪd/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) (of two vehicles or people) to crash into each other; (of a vehicle or person) to crash into sb/sth else （车辆或人）相撞，碰撞◆The car and the van collided head-on in thick fog.那辆小轿车和货车在浓雾中迎面相撞。◆As he fell, his head collided with the table.他跌倒时头部撞上了桌子。 see also collision ⇨ accident ■ smash [intransitive, transitive] (rather informal) to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this; to crash a car （使）猛烈撞击，猛烈碰撞；撞（车）◆A bullet smashed into the wall behind them.一颗子弹射到他们身后的墙上。◆Ram-raiders smashed a stolen car through the shop window.飙车抢劫者开着偷来的汽车撞破商店的橱窗。NOTE 辨析 Crash, slam or smash? Crash is used especially to talk about vehicles and can be used without a preposition. * crash尤指撞车，后面可不跟介词◆We're going to crash, aren't we?我们要撞车了，是不是？In this meaning slam and smash always take a preposition. 表达此义时，slam和smash总与介词连用◆We're going to slam/smash, aren't we? They are used for talking about a much wider range of things than just vehicles. Crash can also be used to talk about other things, if used with a preposition. 这两个词不仅可指撞车，也可指很多其他东西相撞。当crash与介词连用时也可指其他东西碰撞◆He crashed down the telephone receiver.他把电话听筒摔了。 ■ ˈplough into sth phrasal verb (BrE) (NAmE plow into sth) (especially of a vehicle or its driver) to crash into sth with a lot of force, especially because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attention （尤指汽车或司机因车速太快或驾驶疏忽）猛撞到某物◆A truck ploughed into the back of the bus.一辆卡车猛撞到公共汽车的尾部。■ ˌbang ˈinto sth phrasal verb (rather informal) to crash into or hit sth by mistake （不小心）撞着某物◆I banged into a chair and hurt my leg.我撞到椅子上，碰伤了腿。■ wreck / /rek/ / [transitive] to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing 彻底毁坏（车辆）◆The road was littered with wrecked cars.公路上到处都是被撞坏的汽车。 see also wreck ⇨ vandalize verb , wreck ⇨ accident , wreck ⇨ remains 1 ■ ˌwrite sth ˈoff phrasal verb (BrE, rather informal) to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing 彻底毁坏（车辆）◆He's written off two cars this year.他今年撞毁了两辆车。▸ ˈwrite-off noun [countable] ◆She survived the crash with minor injuries, but the car was a write-off.她在碰撞中幸存，受了点儿轻伤，但汽车报废了。■ total [transitive] (-ll-, NAmE -l-) (especially NAmE, informal, spoken) to damage sth, especially a vehicle, so badly that it is not worth repairing 彻底毁坏（某物，尤指车辆）◆She never forgave him for totaling her car.她永远不能原谅他彻底毁坏了她的汽车。NOTE 辨析 Wreck, write sth off or total?Vehicles are written off or totalled by accident. They can be wrecked by accident or deliberately, especially for fun. * write off和total指意外事故导致车辆损毁。wreck可指意外事故或人为蓄意毁坏汽车，尤其是为了好玩而这样做◆youths who steal and wreck fast cars偷窃和毁坏跑车的年轻人 complete adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ pure 2 另见pure条第2义complete ♦︎ total ♦︎ real ♦︎ absolute ♦︎ outright ♦︎ utter ♦︎ perfect ♦︎ positive ♦︎ downrightThese words are all used to emphasize how great sth is in degree. 这些词均表示完全的、彻底的、十足的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a complete / a total / a real / an absolute / an utter disaster◆a complete / a total / a real / an absolute mess◆a complete / a total / a real idiot◆a complete / a total / an absolute / an utter fool◆complete / total / absolute / utter rubbish / nonsense / darkness◆complete / total / absolute / utter / perfect silence◆a complete / total / perfect stranger◆a complete / a real / an absolute beginner◆a complete / a total / an absolute / an outright ban■ complete [usually before noun] used when you are emphasizing sth, to mean 'to the greatest degree possible' （用以强调）完全的，彻底的◆We were in complete agreement.我们意见完全一致。◆It came as a complete surprise.这事来得十分突然。◆The whole thing has been a complete waste of time.整件事完全是浪费时间。 see also completely ⇨ quite 2 ■ total [only before noun] complete 完全的；彻底的◆The room was in total darkness.房间里一片漆黑。◆I always expect total honesty from my employees.我总是期望我的员工完全坦诚。◆Six years of total war had left no citizen untouched.六年的全面战争让所有国民都受到了影响。 see also total ⇨ whole , totally ⇨ quite 2 NOTE 辨析 Complete or total?In nearly all cases you can use either of these words. 几乎所有情况下这两个词都可以通用◆complete / total agreement / honesty / darkness完全一致；绝对诚实；漆黑一片◆a complete / total surprise / idiot / waste of time / lack of understanding完全出乎意料；十足的白痴；纯粹浪费时间；完全缺乏了解 Total war is a fixed collocation that cannot be changed. * total war是不可更换用词的固定搭配◆Six years of complete war... Total is only used before a noun; complete can also be used after a linking verb, although this is not frequent and rather formal. * total仅用于名词前；complete还可用于连系动词后，尽管这一用法不常见且相当正式◆ (rather formal) Her misery was made complete when she was separated from her children.和她的孩子分开时，她痛彻心扉。◆Her misery was made total... ■ real [only before noun] (rather informal, especially spoken) complete 完全的；彻底的◆He looks like a real idiot.他看上去像个十足的白痴。◆This accident could have produced a real tragedy.这次事故差一点造成一场惨剧。◆Her next play was a real contrast.她的下一部戏截然不同。ⓘ Real is used in rather informal language to emphasize the degree to which sth is bad or different. * real用在较不正式的语言中，强调事物不好或不同的程度。 see also really ⇨ very adv. ■ absolute [usually before noun] (especially spoken) complete 完全的；彻底的◆He must earn an absolute fortune.他肯定赚了一大笔钱。◆'You're wrong,' she said with absolute certainty.“你错了。”她斩钉截铁地说。ⓘ Absolute is used especially in spoken English to emphasize how bad or how large sth is. In slightly more formal and written English it is also used to describe a feeling or quality; it is usually used before a noun, but in literary contexts it can also be used after a linking verb. * absolute尤用于口语中，强调某事物有多严重、多糟糕或多大。在稍微更正式的用语及书面语中，也形容感觉或品质；absolute常用于名词前，但在文学语境下亦可用于连系动词后◆ (literary) Around them the darkness was absolute, the silence oppressive.他们周遭一片漆黑，寂静得令人压抑。 see also absolutely ⇨ quite 2 ■ outright / /ˈaʊtraɪt/ / [only before noun] complete 完全的；彻底的◆She was the outright winner.她是绝对的优胜者。◆No one party is expected to gain an outright majority.没有任何政党有望获得绝对多数。◆They may introduce tougher restrictions or even an outright ban.他们也许会采取更严格的管制，甚至绝对的禁止。ⓘ Collocates of outright in this meaning include win, victory, winner, majority, ban, rejection, refusal and lie. 表达此义时，outright的搭配词有win、victory、winner、majority、ban、rejection、refusal和lie。▸ outright adverb ◆Neither candidate won outright.两个候选人谁也没有干脆利落地胜出。■ utter [only before noun] complete 完全的；彻底的◆That's complete and utter nonsense!那纯属一派胡言！◆To my utter amazement she agreed.令我大感意外的是，她同意了。ⓘ Utter is used especially to describe feelings and qualities, especially of surprise, disgust, despair, confusion, belief and peace. Collocates include surprise, disgust, despair, failure, confusion, chaos, conviction, delight, silence and stillness. * utter尤用于描述感觉和品质，尤其是惊讶、厌恶、绝望、困惑、信任及平和。其搭配词有surprise、disgust、despair、failure、confusion、chaos、conviction、delight、silence和stillness。 see also utterly ⇨ quite 2 ■ perfect [only before noun] complete 完全的；彻底的◆I don't know her－she's a perfect stranger.我不认识她，她是百分之百的陌生人。◆I have a perfect right to ask you－and you have the right not to answer.我完全有权询问你，但你有权不回答。ⓘ Collocates of perfect in this meaning include stranger, gentleman, right, accuracy, freedom, harmony and happiness. 表达此义时，perfect的搭配词有stranger、gentleman、right、accuracy、freedom、harmony和happiness。 see also perfectly ⇨ quite 2 ■ positive [only before noun] (rather informal) complete 完全的；彻底的◆He has a positive genius for upsetting people.他气人的本事可大呢。◆It was a positive miracle that we survived.我们能生还真是个奇迹。■ downright / /ˈdaʊnraɪt/ / [only before noun] (rather informal, usually disapproving) used to emphasize sth negative or unpleasant （强调负面或令人不快的事物）彻头彻尾的，十足的，完全的◆It's a downright disgrace that they still haven't paid you.他们竟然还没付你钱，真是太不像话了。▸ downright adverb ◆It's not just stupid－it's downright dangerous.这不只是愚蠢－简直是危险。 whole adjective whole ♦︎ full ♦︎ total ♦︎ entire ♦︎ completeThese words all describe sth which is as big as it can or should be. 这些词均表示全部的、完全的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a whole / a full / an entire / a complete day / set◆the whole / full / complete truth / story◆full / complete details◆full / a total membership◆your whole / a full / your entire life◆the whole / total / entire population◆unusually / nearly / fairly / reasonably full / complete◆almost full / total / complete■ whole [only before noun] used to emphasize that all of sth is involved; used to emphasize how large or important sth is 全部的；完全的；整个的◆We drank a whole bottle each.我们每人都喝了整整一瓶。◆The whole country (= all the people in it) mourned her death.举国都为她的逝世哀悼。◆She wasn't telling the whole truth.她没有把实情都讲出来。◆Let's forget the whole thing.咱们彻底忘掉这件事吧。◆We offer a whole variety of weekend breaks.我们提供的周末假日活动丰富多彩，一应俱全。◆I can't afford it－that's the whole point (= that's exactly what I've been trying to explain).我买不起，没有其他理由。■ full [usually before noun] including everyone, everything or every part; to the highest level or greatest amount possible 全部的；详尽的；最大程度的◆A full refund will be given if the item is faulty.货品有瑕疵将全额退款。◆The address must be printed in full.地址必须用正体详细填写。◆Many people don't use their computers to their full potential.许多人没有使用计算机的全部功能。◆Students should take full advantage of the college's facilities.学生应该充分利用大学的设施。◆measures to achieve full employment达至充分就业的措施◆I've always believed in living life to the full.我一直有个信念，那就是生活要尽量充实。 see also fully ⇨ quite 2 , full name ⇨ name ■ total [usually before noun] being the amount or number after everyone or everything is counted or added together 总的；总计的◆The total profit was more than £500.利润总额超过500英镑。◆The club has a total membership of about 300.这家俱乐部的会员总数约300名。 see also total ⇨ complete adj. , total ⇨ be verb , total ⇨ count verb , totally ⇨ quite 2 ▸ total noun [countable] ◆You got 47 points in the last game and 18 in this one, making a total of 65.你上场比赛得了47分，这场得了18分，总计65分。◆Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.总共15场比赛，他们只胜了两场。◆The repairs come to over £500 in total (= including everything).修理费总共超过500英镑。■ entire / /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/ / [only before noun] used to emphasize that all of sth is involved, especially when this is a bad thing （尤指坏事情所影响的范围）全部的，整个的◆I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense!我一生中从未听到过这样的废话！◆The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.这种疾病有可能毁灭整个族群。 see also entirely ⇨ quite 2 NOTE 辨析 Whole or entire? Entire emphasizes sth more strongly than whole and is used especially to emphasize how bad sth is. * entire较whole语气更强，尤用于强调糟糕的程度◆I wasted a whole / an entire day on it.我为此浪费了整整一天。◆We spent the whole day on the beach.我们在海滩上待了一整天。◆We spent the entire day on the beach. ■ complete including all the parts that are necessary 全部的；完整的◆A complete guide to events in Oxford is available from the office.详列牛津所有活动的指南可以到办公室领取。◆the complete works of Tolstoy托尔斯泰全集OPP incomplete ⇨ partial |