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trading noun
⇨ trade (a day of hectic trading) ⇨ cease trading ⇨ close verb 2 trade noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ business 2 另见business条第2义trade ♦︎ business ♦︎ market ♦︎ operation ♦︎ trading ♦︎ commerce ♦︎ marketplace ♦︎ trafficking ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ dealingThese are all words for the activity of buying, selling or supplying goods or services for money, or the amount of goods and services sold. 这些词均表示买卖、交易或营业额、交易量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a trade / the market in sth◆trade / business / trading / commerce / trafficking / enterprise / dealing between people / countries◆trade / business / trading / commerce / dealing with sb / a country◆(the) foreign / international / global trade / business / market / operations / trading / commerce / marketplace◆(the) domestic / internal trade / business / market / operations / trading / commerce◆(a / the) local trade / business / market / operations / trading / marketplace / enterprise◆illegal trade / business / operations / trading / trafficking / enterprise / dealings◆(a) profitable trade / business / market / operations / trading◆(a) free trade / market / trading / enterprise◆to engage in trade / business / trading / commerce / enterprise◆to encourage / promote trade / business / commerce / enterprise◆trade / business / the market / an operation expands / grows / increases◆trade / business / the market is booming / picks up / declines / falls■ trade [uncountable, countable] the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries; the amount of goods or services that you sell 贸易；买卖；交易；营业额；交易量◆Trade between the two countries has increased.两国之间的贸易增长了。◆The international trade in oil has been massively affected.国际石油贸易受到严重影响。◆Trade was very good last month.上月的交易量很大。◆ (especially BrE) Stores are doing a brisk trade in wizard accessories and vampire kits.商店里魔法配件和吸血鬼套装卖得很火。ⓘ In American English it is more usual to say doing brisk business in sth. 在美式英语中，更常说be doing brisk business in sth。 see also trade ⇨ sell verb 2 , trader ⇨ dealer ■ business [uncountable] the activity of producing, buying, selling or providing goods or services for money; the amount of work done by a company; the rate or quality of this work 商业；买卖；生意；营业额；营业状况◆It's been a pleasure to do business with you.和你做买卖很愉快。◆She has set up in business as a hairdresser.她已经开店当美发师了。◆When he left school he went into business with his brother.他毕业后和哥哥去经商了。◆What line of business are you in?你从事什么行业？◆There are strong links between politics and big business (= large companies that have a lot of power and influence).政治和大企业之间有紧密联系。◆How's business?生意如何？◆If we close down for repairs, we'll lose business.如果停业整修，我们会失去生意的。◆ (especially NAmE) Stores are doing brisk business in wizard accessories and vampire kits.商店里魔法配件和吸血鬼套装卖得很火。ⓘ In British English it is more usual to say doing a brisk trade in sth. 在英式英语中，更常说be doing a brisk trade in sth。 see also business ⇨ company , business ⇨ industry , do business ⇨ sell verb 2 NOTE 辨析 Trade or business? Trade is used slightly more to talk about buying and selling goods rather than services. Business is often used when people are emphasizing the more personal aspects of these activities, such as making contacts, discussing and agreeing things and working together to provide goods or services. * trade表示商品交易略多于服务交易。使用business时常更强调过程中人际交往的活动，如签订合同、洽谈、达成协议并合作提供商品或服务等。■ market [singular] the amount of trade in a particular type of goods （某种商品的）交易量◆They have 20% of the world market in coffee.他们的咖啡贸易占全球市场的20%。◆We have increased our share of the market by 10%.我们的市场份额增加了10%。◆There has been a downturn in the property market (= the number and type of houses that are available).目前房地产市场持续低迷。◆They have cornered the market in sportswear (= they sell the most).他们垄断了运动服装的市场。■ operation [countable, usually plural] the activity or work done in an area of business or industry （工商业）活动，业务◆The firm's banking operations overseas have been affected by the disaster.这家公司的海外银行业务受到这次灾难的影响。■ trading [uncountable] the activity of buying and selling things, especially in shops and on the stock market (= where shares in companies are bought and sold) （尤指商店和股票市场的）生意，交易，买卖◆Stores everywhere reported excellent trading in the run-up to Christmas.各地商店均称圣诞节前生意火爆。◆Shares worth $8 million changed hands during a day of hectic trading.当日股市交投活跃，股票换手市值达800万元。 see also trade ⇨ sell 2 , trader ⇨ dealer ■ commerce /ˈkɒmɜːs; NAmE ˈkɑːmɜːrs/ [uncountable] (rather formal) trade, especially between countries （尤指国际性的）贸易，商业◆Leaders of industry and commerce met at the summit in Paris.工商界领导人在巴黎首脑会议上会面。 see also commercial ⇨ economic ■ marketplace /ˈmɑːkɪtpleɪs; NAmE ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/ [singular] the activity of competing with other companies to buy and sell goods and services 市场竞争◆They have successfully adapted to the demands of the global marketplace.他们已成功适应全球市场的需求。■ trafficking [uncountable] the activity of buying and selling sth illegally 非法交易◆She was accused of drug trafficking.她被控贩毒。ⓘ Drug is by far the most frequent collocate of trafficking. Other collocates are illegal, heroin and narcotic. * trafficking最常与drug搭配，其他搭配词有illegal、heroin和narcotic。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [uncountable] the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government 企业发展；企业经营；企业活动◆They provide grants to encourage enterprise in the region.他们拨款鼓励这个地区的企业发展。◆The culture of dependency was replaced by an enterprise culture (= in which people are encouraged to develop small businesses).依赖社会福利的文化被鼓励自主创业的文化所取代。■ dealing [uncountable, countable] a way of doing business with sb; buying and selling 经营作风；经营方式；买卖；交易◆We have a reputation for honest dealing.我们有诚信经营的良好商誉。◆Drug dealing on our streets is becoming a growing problem.毒品交易在我们街区正成为日益严重的问题。◆ (especially BrE) Sales plummeted just after dealings in shares began.股票交易一开市成交量就大跌。 see also deal in sth ⇨ sell 2 , dealer ⇨ dealer NOTE 辨析 Trading or dealing? Trading is used to talk about selling things in shops; dealing is used to talk about selling things illegally, especially drugs. Both words can be used to talk about buying and selling shares in companies, but in American English trading is more usual. * trading指商店里商品的买卖；dealing指非法交易，尤指毒品交易。两个词均可指公司股票的买卖，但在美式英语中trading更常用。 close2 /kləʊz; NAmE kloʊz/ verb close a door/your eyes/a book 关门；闭眼；合上书a factory closes/close a factory 工厂倒闭；关闭工厂close ♦︎ cease trading ♦︎ fail ♦︎ close (sth) down ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ go bust ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go bankrupt ♦︎ fold ♦︎ flopThese are all words that can be used when a business stops operating, often because it does not have enough money to pay the bills and cannot borrow any more. 这些词均表示停业、倒闭、破产。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a firm / company closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / goes bankrupt / folds◆a business closes / ceases trading / fails / closes down / collapses / goes bust / crashes / folds◆an industry closes down / collapses◆a person goes bust / goes bankrupt◆a / an factory / newspaper / operation / shop closes / closes down◆shares / prices / markets collapse / crash◆a show / play closes / folds / flops◆to suddenly close / close down / collapse / fold■ close [intransitive, transitive](of a business, service or show) to stop operating; to cause a business, service or show to stop operating （企业、服务或演出）停止运作；停业；关闭◆The hospital closed at the end of last year.这家医院去年年底关闭了。◆The play closed after just three nights.这部剧仅上演了三个晚上就停演了。◆The club was closed by the police.那家俱乐部被警方查封了。◆They are closing their Liverpool factory.他们将关闭利物浦的工厂。OPP open ⓘ When a business, service or show opens it starts business or starts playing to the public for the first time. * open指企业开业、服务行业开始营业或演出首次登场◆The show opened to great reviews.首演好评如潮。◆The company opened its doors for business a month ago.那家公司一个月前开业。 ▸ closure /ˈkləʊʒə(r); NAmE ˈkloʊʒər/ noun [countable, uncountable] ◆factory closures工厂倒闭◆The hospital has been threatened with closure.这家医院已经面临关闭的威胁。■ ˌcease ˈtrading phrase (formal, business 商业) (of a business) to stop operating （企业）停业◆A leading travel firm has ceased trading with the loss of a number of jobs.一家大旅行社已经停业，好些人丢了工作。■ fail [intransitive](of a business) to be unable to continue operating （企业）倒闭，破产◆More banks failed as people rushed to withdraw their money.由于人们争相挤兑，更多银行倒闭了。▸ failure noun [countable, uncountable] ◆There has been an alarming increase in business failures.企业倒闭数字的上升令人担忧。■ ˌclose ˈdown ■ ˌclose sth ˈdown phrasal verb (of a business or service) to stop operating; to cause a business or service to stop operating （使）停业；关闭；倒闭◆Companies were closing down or reducing their workforce.公司纷纷倒闭或裁员。◆Banks are closing down their smaller branches.各银行将关闭较小的分行。OPP open (sth) up ⓘ When a business or service opens up it starts operating; to open sth up is to start a new business or service. * open up指企业或服务行业开始运作，open sth up指开展新的业务或服务◆There's a new Thai restaurant opening up in town.城里新开了一家泰国菜餐厅。 NOTE 辨析 Close or close down?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Both can be used to talk about either a business or service; close but not close down can also be used to talk about a play or show. 两者意思上没有太大差别，均可用于企业或服务行业。close可用于戏剧或演出，但 close down不可以◆The play closed down after just three nights. ■ collapse [intransitive](of a business, prices, a market or an economy) to lose all or most of its value （企业）倒闭；（价格）暴跌；（市场）萧条；（经济）崩溃◆Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures.成交量不佳的消息使股价暴跌。◆The region's economy has virtually collapsed.该地区的经济实际上已经崩溃。▸ collapse noun [countable, usually singular] ◆the collapse of share prices / the dollar / the market股价／美元的暴跌；市场大萧条■ go ˈbust idiom (goes, went, gone) (informal) (of a business or the person running it) to be unable to continue operating because there is no money （企业或其经营者）破产◆We lost our deposit when the travel company went bust.旅行社破产，我们的订金都赔了进去。■ crash [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, market or prices) to lose all or most of its value suddenly （企业、市场或价格突然）贬值，倒闭，失败；暴跌◆Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday.股价昨天暴跌到了历史最低点。▸ crash noun [countable] ◆the 1929 stock market crash1929年的股市暴跌NOTE 辨析 Collapse or crash?There is not much difference in meaning between these words. An economy can collapse but not crash. Crash is slightly more informal and suggests an even more sudden event. 这两个词意思没有太大差别。economy可以和collapse搭配，但不可以和crash搭配。crash稍显不正式，更强调突发性。■ go ˈbankrupt phrase (goes, went, gone)(of a person or company) to stop running a business because you do not have enough money to pay what you owe; (of a person) to ask a judge in court to officially say that you cannot pay your debts and are not allowed to borrow money （人或公司）破产；（人）申请破产◆Unfortunately the firm went bankrupt before the work was completed.不幸的是，这家公司在工程完成之前破产了。◆I have thousands of pounds of debt which I can't afford to pay back and am thinking of going bankrupt.我有数千英镑的债务还不上，正在考虑申请破产。■ fold [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a business, organization or show) to close because it is no longer successful （企业或组织）倒闭；（演出）结束，停演◆His business folded and his wife left him.他生意失败，妻子也离开了他。◆The musical folded after 16 performances.那部音乐剧演了16场后停演了。◆Her fan club has folded.她的追星族俱乐部关闭了。■ flop (-pp-) [intransitive] (rather informal) (of a film, show, product or project) to be a failure, especially because it is not popular （电影、演出、产品或项目）失败，不成功（尤指因不受大众欢迎）◆The play flopped on Broadway.这出戏在百老汇砸了锅。◆Many of his ambitious schemes have flopped in the past.过去他的许多雄心大计都失败了。 see also flop ⇨ disaster noun |