| 例句 |
liberty noun
⇨ freedom (religious liberty) ⇨ right (civil liberties) freedom noun freedom ♦︎ independence ♦︎ autonomy ♦︎ liberty ♦︎ leewayThese are all words for the right or ability of sb to do things or make decisions without being controlled by sb else or without needing help from sb else. 这些词均表示自由、自主、自立。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆freedom / liberty / leeway to do sth◆greater freedom / independence / autonomy / liberty / leeway◆complete / individual / personal freedom / independence / autonomy / liberty◆to have freedom / independence / autonomy / liberty / leeway◆to enjoy / lose freedom / independence / autonomy / liberty◆to encourage / promote freedom / independence / autonomy◆to undermine sb's freedom / independence / autonomy■ freedom [uncountable, countable] the right or ability to do or say what you want without anyone or anything stopping you 自由（指权利）◆Branch managers have considerable freedom in running their offices.分公司经理在经营上有相当大的自由。◆This case is about protecting our freedom of speech.这个案例是有关保护我们的言论自由的。◆The new syllabus allows students greater freedom of choice.新教学大纲给了学生更大的选择权。◆The constitution contains guarantees of democratic rights and freedoms.宪法包含了对民主权利和自由的保障。ⓘ In this meaning freedom is often used in the expression the freedom of sth. 表达此义时，freedom常用于短语the freedom of sth中◆freedom of speech / thought / expression / worship / choice / action / movement言论／思想／表达／信仰／选择／行动／活动自由 Freedom of information is the right to see secret information that a government has about people and organizations; freedom of association is the right to meet and talk to whoever you like, even in large groups. People also often talk about press/academic freedom or the freedom of the press, which is the right to write and publish anything, so long as it is true. * freedom of information指知情权。freedom of association指结社自由。还可以说press freedom或freedom of the press（新闻自由）和academic freedom（学术自由）。 ▸ free adjective ◆I have no ambitions other than to have a happy life and be free.我没有雄心大志，只求自由自在地过幸福生活。◆Students have a free choice of classes in their final year.学生在最后一学年可以自由选修课程。◆You are free to come and go as you please.你来去自由。◆A true democracy complete with free speech and a free press was called for.人们呼吁要有包括言论自由和新闻自由在内的真正民主。■ independence [uncountable] the freedom to make decisions, organize your life, do your job, etc. without needing help from other people or being controlled by other people 自主；自立◆Some people have questioned the independence of the inspectors.有些人已经对检查员的独立自主性提出了质疑。◆Her work gave her a degree of financial independence.她的工作让她有了一定的经济自立。◆The car became a symbol of independence.汽车成了自立的象征。OPP dependence ⓘ Dependence is the state of needing the help and support of sb/sth in order to survive or be successful. * dependence指依靠、依赖、依存◆his dependence on his parents他对父母的依赖◆financial / economic dependence财政／经济依赖 see also independence ⇨ independence ▸ independent adjective ◆It was important to me to be financially independent.经济上自立对我来说很重要。 see also independent ⇨ confident ■ autonomy / /ɔːˈtɒnəmi; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəmi/ [uncountable] (formal) the freedom to make decisions and do things without being controlled by anyone else 自主；自主权◆Schools have gained greater autonomy from government control.学校受政府的管控少了，获得了更大的自主权。◆One of the aims of modern nursing is to encourage patient autonomy.现代护理的目标之一是鼓励病人自主。ⓘ Autonomy is a more formal way of saying independence. It is used especially about organizations or classes of people being free from official control; it is used less about individual people. * autonomy是independence更正式的说法，尤用于描述组织机构或某些阶层的人脱离官方控制，较少用于个人◆She doesn't want to lose her hard-won autonomy. see also autonomy ⇨ independence ▸ autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs; NAmE ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/ adjective ◆Teachers help children to become autonomous learners.教师帮助学生成为自主的学习者。■ liberty [uncountable] the freedom to live as you choose without too many restrictions from government or authority 自由（自己选择生活方式而不受政府及权威限制）◆The system allows us complete liberty to do the task as we like.这一制度赋予我们充分的自由，可以按自己喜欢的方式完成任务。◆The concept of individual liberty is enshrined in the constitution.个人自由的概念已庄严地载入宪法。■ leeway /ˈliːweɪ/ / [uncountable] the amount of freedom that you have to change sth or to do sth in the way you want to 自由度；自由的空间◆How much leeway should parents give their children?父母应该给孩子留多少自由的空间？ right noun right ♦︎ power ♦︎ privilege ♦︎ claim ♦︎ authority ♦︎ liberty ♦︎ entitlement ♦︎ title ♦︎ dueThese are all words for sth you are legally or morally allowed to have or do. 这些词均表示法律或道义上的权利。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's right / power / claim over sb / sth◆a right / a claim / an entitlement / a title to sth◆the right / power / authority / entitlement to do sth◆a / an special / exclusive right / power / privilege / claim◆a / the legal right / power / claim / authority / entitlement / title◆personal rights / claims / liberties◆have a / the right / the power / the privilege / a claim / the authority / an entitlement / title◆use / exercise your right / powers / privilege / authority / entitlement◆give sb a right / the power / a privilege / title / their due◆grant sb rights / powers / privileges / liberties◆revoke a right / the power / a privilege / the authority◆lose your right / powers / privilege / entitlement◆forfeit your right / privilege / claim / entitlement / title◆give up your right / powers / privilege / claim / title◆renounce your right / privilege / claim / title◆waive your right / privilege / claim◆respect sb's right / claim / liberties■ right [countable] something that you should definitely be allowed to do or have, either legally or morally （法律或道义上）正当的要求；权利◆Everyone has the right to a fair trial.每个人都有权获得公正的审判。◆What gives you the right to do that?你有什么权利这样做？◆You're quite within your rights to ask for your money back (= you definitely have a right to do it).你完全有权要回你的钱。◆She had every right to be angry.她完全有理由生气。◆By rights (= according to sb's rights) half the money should be mine.按理应该有一半的钱归我。◆This is a fundamental human right (= a right that all people should have).这是一项基本的人权。◆They have always fought hard for equal rights (= the right of all people in society to be treated fairly and equally).他们一直在为获得平等权利进行顽强的斗争。 see also birthright ⇨ legacy ■ power [uncountable, countable, usually plural] the right of a person or group to do sth, especially sth that involves having control over sb else 权力；职权；权势◆The Secretary of State has the power to approve the proposals.国务卿有权批准这些提议。◆The president has the power of veto over all new legislation.总统有权否决一切新法规。◆The powers of the police must be clearly defined.警察的职权必须明确界定。■ privilege / /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ / [countable] a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has 特殊利益；优惠待遇；特权◆Education should be a universal right and not just a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利，而非部分人的特权。◆Club members have special privileges, like being allowed to use the swimming pool.俱乐部会员享有特权，如获准使用游泳池。ⓘ Privilege [uncountable] is used in a disapproving way to mean 'the rights and advantages that only the rich or powerful people in a society have'. 不可数名词形式的privilege指社会中有钱有势者拥有的权利和优势，用作贬义◆ (disapproving) His life had always been one of wealth and privilege.他一直过着有钱有势的生活。 ■ claim [countable, uncountable] a right that sb believes they have to sth, for example property or land （对财产、土地等要求拥有的）所有权◆The court ruled that they had no claim on the land.法院裁定他们无权索要那片土地。◆The princess was forced to renounce her claim to the throne.公主被迫放弃对王位的要求。◆He went back to lay claim to his inheritance.他回来主张他的继承权。▸ claim verb [transitive] ◆A lot of lost property is never claimed.许多失物从未被认领。◆The family arrived in the UK in the 1990s and claimed political asylum.这家人20世纪90年代来到英国要求政治避难。■ authority [uncountable] the right to do sth, especially because you hold a senior position in an organization （尤因在组织中位居要职而拥有的）权，职权◆Only the manager has the authority to sign cheques.只有经理才有权签支票。NOTE 辨析 Power or authority?In this meaning authority is usually used in the phrase (have) the authority to do sth. This authority usually comes from sb's position within a company or other organization and refers to what they are allowed to do within that organization. The power to do sth or special powers often come from the courts, the government or a country's constitution (= system of laws and political organization) and refer to what sb is allowed to do within the law or government of the country. 表达此义时，authority常用于短语(have) the authority to do sth。这种权力通常来自某人在公司或其他组织中的职位，指其在组织内部的权限。the power to do sth或special powers的这种权力常来自法院、政府或国家的宪法，某人获允依法或在政府体制内做某事◆Only the manager has the power to sign cheques. ◆The authority of the police must be clearly defined. ■ liberty /ˈlɪbəti; NAmE ˈlɪbərti/ [countable] the legal freedom to do sth （法律上的）自由◆The right to vote should be a liberty enjoyed by all.投票权应当是人人享有的合法权利。◆This is a gross infringement of our civil liberties (= the right of people to be free to say or do what they want while respecting others and staying within the law).这是对我们的公民自由的严重侵犯。ⓘ In this meaning liberty is used especially in the phrases personal/civil liberties. 表达此义时，liberty尤用于短语personal/civil liberties。■ entitlement [uncountable, countable] (especially BrE, formal) the official right to have or do sth, especially to receive a payment or own property; something, especially an amount of money, that you have an official right to have or receive （拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格（尤指收到付款或拥有财产）；有权得到的东西（尤指钱款）◆This may affect your entitlement to compensation.这可能影响你索赔的权利。◆Your contributions will affect your pension entitlements.你的缴款数额将会影响你的养老金待遇。ⓘ This meaning of entitlement is not very frequent in American English. However, especially in American English the phrase a sense of entitlement is used in a disapproving way to talk about people who think they have a right to sth without actually working for it. * entitlement的这一义项在美式英语中不是很常用。不过，尤其是在美式英语中，短语a sense of entitlement用作贬义，指不努力便自认为应享有权利的特权思想◆ (especially NAmE, disapproving) The only child of very wealthy parents, she embodies the spoiled brat with a sense of entitlement.父母有钱，又是独生女，她活脱脱是个被宠坏了的孩子，满脑子特权思想。 see also entitle ⇨ allow ■ title [uncountable, countable] (law 法律) the legal right to own sth, especially land or property; the document that shows you have this right （尤指土地或财产的）所有权，所有权凭证；房地契◆He claims he has title to the land.他声称拥有这块土地的所有权。◆Who holds the title deed (= the legal document proving that sb is the owner of a particular property or piece of land)?谁有房契？■ due /djuː; NAmE duː/ [uncountable] something, especially praise, that should be given to sb because they have earned it by their actions 应得到的东西（尤其是赞美）◆He received a large reward, which was no more than his due (= what he deserved).他得到重赏，这是他应得的。◆She's a slow worker, but to give her her due (= be fair to her) she is very thorough.她干活速度很慢，但说句公道话，她做事很仔细。ⓘ In this meaning due is always used in the phrase my/your/his/her/our/their due. 表达此义时，due总是用于短语my/your/his/her/our/their due。 |