governor noun ⇨leader1 (the governor of the Bank of England)⇨manager (a school governor)⇨president (the state governor)
leader1
noun
political leaders政治领袖The company is a world leader in electrical goods.该公司的电器产品在全世界首屈一指。➡ See also the entry for ⇨ manager另见manager条leader ♦︎ chairman ♦︎ head ♦︎ president ♦︎ chief executive ♦︎ chief ♦︎ managing director ♦︎ boss ♦︎ governor ♦︎ chairThese are all words for a person who is in charge of a company, organization, committee, etc.这些词均表示公司、机构和委员会等的负责人或领导者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a deputy leader / chairman / head / president / chief executive / chief / managing director / boss / governor / chair◆a vice chairman / president / chair◆an acting chairman / head / president / chief executive / governor / chair◆the honorary chairman / president / chair◆a joint leader / head / president / managing director◆a party leader / chairman / president / chief / boss / chair◆a union leader / chairman / president / chief / boss◆a company / club chairman / president / chief executive / chief / managing director / boss◆a council leader / chairman / chief / boss / chair◆an industry leader / chairman / chief / boss◆to be appointed (as) leader / chairman / head / president / chief executive / chief / managing director / governor / chair◆to be elected (as) leader / chairman / head / president / chair◆to nominate sb as leader / chairman / president◆to take over as leader / chairman / head / president / chief executive / managing director / chair◆to serve as chairman / head / president / governor / chair◆to resign / stand down / step down as leader / chairman / head / president / chief executive / chief / managing director / governor / chair■leader [countable] a person who leads a group of people, especially a country or organization（尤指国家或机构的）领导者，领袖，首领◆He resigned as leader of the Democratic Party.他辞去了民主党领袖的职务。◆Discuss any problems with your team leader.任何问题都要与你们的组长讨论解决。◆A strong leader is one who is not afraid of listening to people.有魄力的领导是不怕听取民众意见的。◆She's a born leader(= she has the skills needed to be a good leader).她是个天生的领袖。◆He was not a natural leader.他并非天生具备领导素质。 see also leadership ⇨ government2■chairman [countable] the person in charge of a committee or company; the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak（委员会的）理事长，主席；（公司的）董事长；（会议的）主席，主持人◆The chairman of the company presented the annual report.公司董事长提交了年度报告。◆Sir Herbert took it upon himself to act as chairman.赫伯特爵士主动担任了主席。ⓘ A chairman is nearly always a man. A woman who holds this position can be called a chairwoman, but this is much less frequent. The term chair (see below) can be used for a man or a woman, but usually refers to sb in charge of a committee or meeting but not a company. * chairman几乎总是男性，担任该职务的女性称作chairwoman，但该词不常用。而chair这一用语（见下面的分词条）可兼指男女，但通常指委员会或会议的主席，而非公司的董事长◆the committee / council / party chair委员会／地方议会／政党主席◆the company/industry/union/club chair■head [countable] the person in charge of a group of people or an organization负责人；领导人◆The Bishop is head of the Church in Kenya.在肯尼亚，主教是教会的领导人。◆She resigned as head of department.她辞去了部门主管的职务。◆It is a parliamentary democracy with a president as head of state.这是一个议会民主政体，以总统为国家元首。 see also headship ⇨ management■president ( President) [countable] the person in charge of some organizations, businesses, clubs or colleges（机构、企业、俱乐部或学院的）会长，董事长，主席，院长◆She was elected president of the student's union.她当选为学生会主席。◆ (especially NAmE) He was appointed as vice president of business development the following year.第二年他被任命为商务发展部副部长。ⓘ The title of president for heads and senior managers in commercial organizations is more frequent in American English than in British English. * president作为商业机构负责人或高级经理这个头衔更常用于美式英语而非英式英语。■ˌchief eˈxecutive / /ɪgˈzekjətɪv/ / [countable] the person with the highest position in a company or organization, who makes decisions about how the business is run（公司或机构的）总经理，总裁◆The chief executive addressed the board.总经理向董事会致辞。■chief [countable] a person in a high position or the highest position in a company or organization（公司或机构的）主管，最高领导人◆We spoke to a former CIA chief of European operations.我们与美国中央情报局前任欧洲部最高领导人交谈过。◆Virgin chief, Richard Branson, may take legal action against the newspaper.维京公司最高领导人理查德•布兰森有可能会起诉这家报纸。ⓘ Chief is used as part of some official job titles, especially in American English. * chief可用于某些正式职务头衔中，特别是在美式英语中 (especially NAmE) ◆the police / fire chief警察局长；消防队长◆the chief of staff总参谋长It is common in job titles for heads of government departments and other public organizations, such as the police and security services. In British English, especially in journalism, it is often rather informal.政府部门和其他公共机构最高领导人的职务头衔中常用，比如警察和国家安全机构。在英式英语中，特别是在新闻中，这种用法常很不正式◆ (BrE, ratherinformal, journalism新闻) Health chiefs say waiting times are down.卫生事务负责人说看病等候的时间缩短了。■ˌmanaging diˈrector [countable] (BrE) the person in charge of a company, or a division of a company, who has responsibility for the daily running of the business（公司或部门的）总裁，总经理，常务董事◆The firm's managing director is now under investigation for corruption.该公司总经理正在接受贪污调查。 see also manager,director ⇨ managerNOTE辨析 Chairman, president, chief executive or managing director?The chairman of a company is usually the most senior member of its board(= group of directors). President is a title given to the most senior position in some companies. The chief executive or managing director is the person in charge of making decisions about how a business, or part of a business, is run. The chief executive or managing director is often also the chairman.在公司里chairman通常是地位最高的董事会主席；president是一些公司里最高职位的头衔；chief executive或managing director则指负责企业经营或负责部分业务的决策人；chief executive或managing director常常也是chairman。■boss [countable] (informal, journalism新闻) a person in charge of a company or organization老板；主事者◆There's been criticism of bonuses paid to top oil company bosses.石油公司大老板们的奖金一直受到批评。NOTE辨析 Chief or boss?Both of these words are used especially in journalism to refer to the people in charge of organizations or public services.这两个词尤用于新闻报道，指机构或公用事业的负责人◆industry chiefs / bosses行业大老板Chief is used especially for the people in charge of government or public services. * chief尤指政府或公用事业的负责人◆Health Service chiefs医疗保健服务负责人Boss is often used for the people in charge of particular companies and sports clubs. * boss常指某个公司或体育俱乐部的负责人◆a record label boss / the Sheffield United boss唱片公司老板；谢菲尔德联队老板Boss is more informal. * boss较非正式。■governor [countable] (BrE) a person in charge of an institution, such as a prison or bank主管；机构负责人；总裁◆He is a former governor of the Bank of England.他曾任英格兰银行行长。◆A copy of the report was sent to the prison governor.报告的一份复印件送交给了监狱长。 see also governor ⇨ manager■chair [singular] the position of being in charge of a meeting or committee; the person who holds this position（主持会议或委员会的）主席席位，理事长职位；（会议或委员会的）主席，理事长◆She takes the chair in all our meetings.我们所有的会议都由她主持。◆Who is in the chair today?今天谁主持？◆All remarks should be addressed to the chair.所有言论都应说给会议主席听。◆He was elected chair of the city council.他当选为市议会主席。ⓘ See note at chairman (above).参见上文中chairman的注释。
manager
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ leader1另见leader条第1义manager ♦︎ director ♦︎ employer ♦︎ boss ♦︎ supervisor ♦︎ governor ♦︎ superintendent ♦︎ foremanThese are all words for a person who is in charge of running a business or part of one.这些词均表示公司的经理或部门经理。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work for a manager / a director / an employer / a boss◆to work under a manager / supervisor / superintendent / foreman◆a good manager / director / employer / boss / supervisor / governor◆a company manager / director / boss◆to have a manager / a director / an employer / a boss / a supervisor / a governor / a foreman◆to act as manager / director / supervisor / governor◆to work as a manager / director / supervisor / foreman◆to assist the manager / director / supervisor / governor / superintendent◆to appoint a manager / director / supervisor / governor / superintendent◆to become / make sb a manager / director / supervisor / governor■manager [countable] a person who is in charge of running a business, store or similar organization; a person who is in charge of a particular activity or department in a company（店铺的）老板；（企业、公司部门或负责某项活动的）主任，经理◆a bank / hotel manager银行／酒店经理◆Sales manager Chris Jones says, 'We're thrilled with the results'.销售部经理克里斯•琼斯说：“结果太令我们兴奋了。”◆There's a meeting of area managers next Tuesday.下星期二将召开地区经理会议。ⓘ In British English, a person's line manager is the person in the company who is one rank above them and has direct responsibility for managing their work. Line manager or just manager can be a more formal way of saying boss.在英式英语中，某人的line manager指公司里职位上高一级、直接负责管理其工作的主管经理。line manager或manager可用作boss的较为正式的说法◆I'll ask my manager if I can leave early.我要问一下老板我可不可以早退。 see also management ⇨ government2, managing director ⇨ leader1■director [countable] one of a group of senior managers who run a company; a person who is in charge of a particular activity or department in a company, a college, etc.董事；总监；（公司部门的）主任，经理；（学院的）院长◆She's on the board of directors.她是董事会成员。◆He was musical director at the National Theatre from 1976 to 1997.他从1976年至1997年担任国家剧院的音乐总监。 see also managing director ⇨ leader1, direct ⇨ run2, direction ⇨ government2NOTE辨析 Manager or director?Both manager and director can be used to talk about a person who is in charge of a particular activity or department in a company. * manager和director均可指公司部门的主任、经理◆a sales / marketing / finance / personnel / technical manager / director销售部／市场部／财务部／人事部／技术部经理However, in a large company, a director is often in charge of several managers.不过，在大公司里，director常分管几个manager。■employer [countable] a person or company that pays people to work for them雇主；老板◆They're very good employers(= they treat the people that work for them well).他们是非常好的雇主。◆They're one of the largest employers in the area.他们是该地区最大的雇主之一。 see also employ ⇨ employ■boss [countable] (ratherinformal, especiallyspokenorjournalism新闻) a person who is in charge of other people at work and tells them what to do老板；主管；工头；领班◆I'll ask my boss if I can have the day off.我要问一下老板我能不能请一天假。◆I like being my own boss(= working for myself and making my own decisions).我喜欢自己当老板，自己拿主意。◆Who's the boss(= who's in control) in this house?这个家里谁说了算？ⓘ Boss is usually used with a possessive pronoun, that is his, her, my, your, etc. People often use the boss in a fairly informal way to talk about the person who is in charge of them at work. The boss can also be used in a humorous way to talk about a person who is, or seems to be, in control in a particular situation or relationship. * boss通常跟his、her、my、your等物主代词连用。the boss是不太正式的用法，常用以指工作上的主管，亦可用作幽默语，指特定情形或关系里实际上或表面上的掌控者。■supervisor /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r), ˈsjuːpəvaɪzə(r); NAmEˈsuːpərvaɪzər/ [countable] a person who is in charge of sb/sth and makes sure that everything is done correctly and safely监督人；指导者；主管人◆I have a meeting with my supervisor about my research topic.我要就我的研究课题同导师见一次面。◆All work is done under the guidance of a supervisor.所有工作都是在一名主管的指导下完成的。 see also supervise ⇨ regulate, supervision ⇨ government2■governor [countable] (especially BrE) a member of a group of people who are responsible for controlling an institution such as a school, college or hospital（学校、学院、医院等机构的）董事，理事◆One way of getting things changed is to become a school governor.要使情况发生改变，一个办法是成为学校的董事。ⓘ In British English, a governor is also a single person who is in charge of a prison or bank.在英式英语中，governor亦可指监狱长或银行总裁。 see also governor ⇨ leader1■superintendent /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtendənt, BrE alsoˌsjuːpərɪnˈtendənt/ [countable] a person who has a lot of authority and manages and controls an activity, a place or a group of workers主管人；负责人；监督人◆In 1945 he became superintendent of schools in Dallas.他在1945年成为达拉斯教育局长。ⓘ Typically, superintendents are people in charge of hospitals, railways and schools. * superintendent最常指医院、铁路公司和学校的负责人。 see also superintend ⇨ regulate■foreman /ˈfɔːmən; NAmEˈfɔːrmən/ [countable] a worker who is in charge of a group of other factory or building workers（工厂或建筑工地的）领班，工头◆He got a job as foreman of a building site.他得到了一份工作，在建筑工地当工头。ⓘ A foreman can be either a man or a woman; there is a feminine form, forewoman, but this is not very frequent. * foreman可以是男人，也可以是女人；阴性形式forewoman不太常用。
president
noun
president ♦︎ prime minister ♦︎ governor ♦︎ chancellor ♦︎ premier ♦︎ head of stateThese are all words for leaders of countries or governments.这些词均表示国家或政府的首脑。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a strong president / prime minister◆the acting / deputy president / prime minister / governor / premier / head of state◆the interim / incoming / outgoing president / prime minister / governor◆to elect sb / serve / be sworn in as president / prime minister / governor / chancellor / head of state◆sb's term as president / prime minister / governor / chancellor◆the president's / prime minister's / governor's / chancellor's office■president ( President) [countable] the leader of a republic, such as the United States; often used as a title总统，国家主席（常用作称谓）◆Several presidents attended the funeral.几位总统出席了葬礼。◆President Bush is due to visit the country next month.布什总统定于下月访问该国。◆Do you have any comment, Mr President?总统先生，您有何评论？■ˌprime ˈminister ( Prime Minister) [countable] the main minister and leader of the government in some countries首相；总理◆She soon emerged as a strong prime minister.她很快成为一个有实力的首相。◆The Prime Minister is coming under yet more pressure over the issue.首相在这个问题上将面临更多的压力。ⓘ In British English, Prime Minister is not used as a title.在英式英语中，Prime Minister不用作称谓◆I had a meeting with the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.我与首相戈登•布朗进行了会面。However, in American English it can be used as a title in the same way as President.但是在美式英语中，Prime Minister与President一样可用作称谓◆ (NAmE) I would like to welcome Prime Minister Brown.请允许我向布朗首相表示欢迎。■governor ( Governor) [countable] a person who is the official leader of a country or region that is politically controlled by another country; the leader of the government of a state in the US; used as a title管辖者，总督，（美国的）州长（可用作称谓）◆The report was written by Chris Patten, the former governor of Hong Kong.这份报告由前任香港总督彭定康撰写。◆a provincial / State governor省长；州长◆Governor Jon Corzine of New Jersey新泽西州的乔恩•科尔津州长■chancellor ( Chancellor) /ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r); NAmEˈtʃænsələr/ [countable] the leader of the government in Germany or Austria; used as a title（德国或奥地利的）总理（可用作称谓）◆Helmut Kohl was the first chancellor of a united Germany.赫尔穆特•科尔是德国统一后的第一任总理。◆The talks will be headed by Germany's Chancellor Merkel.会谈将由德国总理默克尔主持。■premier /ˈpremiə(r); NAmEprɪˈmɪr, prɪˈmjɪr/ [countable] (journalism新闻) the leader of the country, state or province, especially a prime minister（国家、地区或省的）总理；首相◆He expressed his concerns in a letter to the Irish premier.他在给爱尔兰总理的信中表达了他的担忧。■ˌhead of ˈstate(pluralheads of state) [countable] the official leader of a country who is sometimes also the leader of the government国家元首◆The Queen was joined by the US President and other heads of state from around the world.美国总统和世界其他国家的首脑与女王会合。