| 例句 |
catastrophe noun
⇨ crisis (a global catastrophe) ⇨ disaster (a catastrophe with the food for the party) crisis noun crisis ♦︎ emergency ♦︎ disaster ♦︎ tragedy ♦︎ catastrophe ♦︎ calamityThese are all words for an unexpected situation or event that creates difficulties for sb/sth, kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage. 这些词均表示危机、危难、灾难。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达危难的严重程度| crisis | ➔ | calamity | ➔ | disaster | | emergency | | | | tragedy | | | | | catastrophe |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity for sb◆in a crisis / an emergency◆a major crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a great crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a / an awful / dreadful / terrible disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a potential crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a national crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆an environmental crisis / emergency / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a / an ecological / personal crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe◆a / an economic / financial crisis / disaster / catastrophe◆a nuclear disaster / catastrophe◆to cause a crisis / a disaster / a tragedy / a catastrophe◆to bring disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆to deal with / cope with a crisis / an emergency / a disaster◆to avert a crisis / disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity◆a disaster / tragedy / catastrophe / calamity happens / occurs◆disaster / tragedy / catastrophe strikes■ crisis / /ˈkraɪsɪs/ / (plural crises / /crisiːz/ / ) [countable, uncountable] a time of great danger, difficulty or uncertainty when problems must be solved or important decisions must be made 危机；危急关头◆It is hoped that his resignation will end the latest political crisis in the country.大家希望他的辞职能够结束该国最近的政治危机。◆The party was facing an identity crisis.该党当时正面临自身认同的危机。◆The party was suffering a crisis of confidence among its supporters (= they did not trust it any longer).当时这个政党正面对其支持者对党的信任危机。◆The business is still in crisis but it has survived the worst of the recession.这家公司虽然仍处于危机之中，但已经挺过了经济衰退最严重的日子。◆In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to.在危难关头我知道能投靠哪些朋友。■ emergency [countable, uncountable] a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it 突发事件；紧急情况◆This door should only be used in an emergency.此门仅限紧急情况下使用。◆I always have some extra cash with me for emergencies.我总是随身多带点现金以备不时之需。◆The government has declared a state of emergency following the earthquake.地震发生后政府已经宣布进入紧急状态。◆There is an emergency exit (= to be used in an emergency) on each side of the aeroplane.飞机每侧均有一个紧急出口。■ disaster [countable, uncountable] an unexpected event such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage 灾难；灾祸；灾害◆Thousands died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。◆They were involved in the 2001 ferry disaster.他们被牵扯到2001年的渡船灾难事件。◆They will not insure you against a natural disaster (= one that is caused by nature).他们不会为自然灾害提供保险。◆Although there was always the possibility of flooding, the Nile seldom brought disaster to Egypt.尽管总是有可能发生洪水，尼罗河却很少给埃及带来灾难。 see also disaster ⇨ disaster , disastrous ⇨ disastrous ■ tragedy / /ˈtrædʒədi/ / [countable, uncountable] a very sad event or situation, especially one that involves death （尤指有人身亡的）悲惨的事，不幸，灾难◆It's a tragedy that she died so young.她英年早逝是一大悲哀。◆Tragedy struck the family when their three-year-old son was hit by a car and killed.这个家庭惨遭不幸，他们三岁的儿子被汽车撞死了。◆The whole affair ended in tragedy.整件事以悲剧告终。 see also tragic ⇨ sad ■ catastrophe / /kəˈtæstrəfi/ / [countable] a sudden disaster that causes many people to suffer 灾难；灾祸；横祸◆Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.提前发布水位上涨警报避免了又一重大灾难。 see also catastrophe ⇨ disaster , catastrophic ⇨ disastrous NOTE 辨析 Disaster or catastrophe?Either disaster or catastrophe can be used with such words as nuclear, environmental, ecological and economic, but disaster is preferred when you are talking about a famous event in which people were killed. * disaster和catastrophe均可与nuclear、environmental、ecological和economic等词搭配，但谈论广为人知的涉及人员死亡的事件时多倾向用disaster◆the Chernobyl / Lockerbie / Challenger disaster切尔诺贝利／洛克比／挑战者号灾难 ■ calamity / /kəˈlæməti/ / [countable, uncountable] an event that causes great harm, especially to the political or financial affairs of a country or organization, or to sb's personal life 灾难，灾祸（尤指对国家或机构的政治或财政方面，或对个人生活方面造成重大打击的事件）◆Sudan suffered a series of calamities during the 1980s.苏丹在20世纪80年代经受了一连串灾难。◆His financial help saved the magazine from total calamity.他的资金援助将那本杂志从彻底的危难中拯救出来。ⓘ A calamity is less serious than a disaster or catastrophe and is not usually used for an event in which people die. * calamity严重性比disaster和catastrophe要低，通常不指有人员死亡的事件。 disaster noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ disappointment 另见disappointment条disaster ♦︎ failure ♦︎ catastrophe ♦︎ fiasco ♦︎ debacle ♦︎ flop ♦︎ washoutThese are all words for sth that is very unsuccessful, causes a lot of problems or is disappointing. 这些词均表示失败、糟糕的境况或灾难。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a disaster / failure / catastrophe for sb◆a fiasco / debacle over sth◆a total disaster / failure / catastrophe / fiasco / flop / washout◆a complete disaster / failure / catastrophe / fiasco / flop◆a financial disaster / failure / fiasco / debacle◆an economic disaster / failure / catastrophe◆to prove a disaster / failure / fiasco / flop■ disaster [countable, uncountable] a very bad situation that causes problems; sth that is very unsuccessful 不幸；祸患；彻底失败的事◆Losing your job doesn't have to be such a disaster.丢了工作不一定就是大难临头。◆Disaster struck when the wheel came off.车轮脱落，灾祸就来了。◆Letting her organize the party is a recipe for disaster (= sth that is likely to go badly wrong).让她来组织这次聚会非坏事不可。◆The play's first night was a total disaster.这出戏头一晚上就彻底演砸了。 see also disaster ⇨ crisis ■ failure [countable] something that is not successful 失败◆The whole thing was a complete failure.整个事情彻底失败了。◆A team learns from experience, both successes and failures.一个团体应该从成功与失败的经验中学习。◆The venture proved to be a costly failure.那个经营项目结果证明是一次损失惨重的失败。OPP success ⇨ success see also failure ⇨ failure ■ catastrophe / /kəˈtæstrəfi/ / [countable] an event that causes sb suffering or that causes problems 不幸事件；麻烦◆The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm.拓展业务的尝试使这家公司陷入困境。◆We've had a few catastrophes with the food for the party.我们为聚会准备食物时遇到了一些困难。 see also catastrophe ⇨ crisis ■ fiasco /fiˈæskəʊ; NAmE fiˈæskoʊ/ [countable] (rather informal) something that is a complete failure especially because it is badly planned or organized, often in a way that causes embarrassment 难堪的失败，尴尬的结局（尤指筹划不周或组织不力所致）◆What a fiasco!这结果真丢脸！◆After the fiasco over the brochures, I decided to take charge of the marketing.经历了广告手册的难堪失败之后，我决定负责市场营销工作。■ debacle /deɪˈbɑːkl, dɪˈbɑːkl/ [countable] something that is a complete failure, especially because of disagreements between those involved, in a way that causes embarrassment （尤指内部分歧造成的）彻底失败，崩溃，垮台◆He should take responsibility for the debacle and resign.他应该对这次惨败负责并辞职。■ flop [countable] (informal) something such as a film, party or product, that is not successful, especially because it is not popular or is not bought by many people （电影、聚会或产品等）失败，砸锅◆The film has been labelled the year's biggest box-office flop.这部电影被称为本年度票房收益最差的影片。◆The share sale has been a flop with investors.这次股份销售并不受投资者青睐。 OPP hit ⇨ success see also flop ⇨ close verb 2 ■ washout /ˈwɒʃaʊt; NAmE ˈwɑːʃaʊt, ˈwɔːʃaʊt/ [countable, usually singular] (informal) an event that is a complete failure, especially because of rain 因雨取消的事；彻底失败的事；泡汤◆They feared that the wedding was going to be a washout after torrential rain.他们担心倾盆大雨过后这次婚礼将会取消。 |