darkness ♦︎ the dark ♦︎ shadow ♦︎ shade ♦︎ gloom ♦︎ blacknessThese are all words for the state of not being light or bright.这些词均表示暗淡或昏暗的状态。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in / into / out of the darkness / dark / shadows / shade / gloom / blackness◆through the darkness / dark / shadows / gloom / blackness◆deep darkness / shadow / shade / gloom◆the gathering darkness / dark / shadows / gloom◆pitch darkness / dark / blackness◆to peer into the darkness / dark / shadows / gloom / blackness◆to adjust to the darkness / dark / gloom◆your eyes become accustomed to the darkness / dark / gloom◆to be shrouded in / plunged into darkness / shadow / gloom◆light and darkness / dark / shadow / shade■darkness [uncountable] the state of being dark, without any light; the quality or state of being dark in colour黑暗；昏暗；深色◆After a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.几分钟后我们的眼睛适应了黑暗。◆In the west the sun went down and darkness fell(= it became night).夕阳西下，夜幕降临。◆They managed to escape under cover of darkness.在夜色的掩护下他们设法逃走了。◆It depends on the darkness of your skin.这取决于你肤色的深浅。OPPlight ⇨ lightnoun1■the dark [singular] the lack of light in a place, especially because it is night（尤指夜晚的）黑暗◆All the lights went out and we were left in the dark.灯全熄了，我们周围一片黑暗。◆Are the children afraid of the dark?孩子们怕黑吗？◆They say that eating carrots helps you see in the dark.据说吃胡萝卜有助于我们在黑暗中看清东西。ⓘ Before/after dark means 'before/after the sun goes down and it is night'. * before/after dark表示天黑前或天黑后◆She won't go out alone after dark.天黑后她不会单独外出。ⓘ Dark [uncountable] is an amount of sth that is dark in colour. * dark作不可数名词时表示暗色、阴影◆We examined the patterns of light and dark in the painting.我们仔细研究了这幅油画中光影的构图。OPPlight ⇨ lightnoun1■shadow [uncountable] ( shadows [plural]) darkness in a place or on sth, especially so that you cannot easily see who or what is there昏暗处；阴暗处◆His face was deep in shadow, turned away from her.他别过脸面向暗处，背对着她。◆I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows.我好像看见阴暗处站着一个人。 see also shadow ⇨ shapenoun■shade [uncountable] an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth, for example under a tree or building, because the sun's light does not get to it; the dark areas in a picture, especially the use of these to produce variety背阴处；阴凉处；（图画的）阴影部分◆We sat down in the shade of the tree.我们在树荫里坐了下来。◆The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.背阴处温度可达40摄氏度。◆The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.夏天，这些树为动物提供遮阴的地方。◆The painting needs more light and shade.这幅油画需要增强明暗层次。OPPsun ⇨ sun, light ⇨ lightnoun1■gloom / /gluːm/ / [uncountable] (literary) almost total darkness幽暗；黑暗；昏暗◆We watched the boats come back in the gathering gloom.我们看着船只在渐浓的暮色中返航。OPPbrightness ⇨ lightnoun1 see also gloomy ⇨ dim2■blackness [uncountable] the state or quality of being dark or black黑；黑色；黑暗◆She peered out into the inky blackness of the night.她凝视着外面漆黑的夜色。◆His bright silk tie contrasted with the blackness of his hair.他那鲜艳的丝领带跟他乌黑的头发形成了对比。