system noun ⇨system (a political system)⇨authorities (fight the system)⇨way2 (an effective system for storing data)
system
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ structure另见structure条system ♦︎ network ♦︎ organization ♦︎ web ♦︎ apparatus ♦︎ workingsThese are all words for the way sth is organized or the way the different parts of sth connect with each other.这些词均表示系统、体系、体制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a system / a network / an apparatus for sth◆in / within a system / a network / a web / the apparatus◆the whole system / network / web / apparatus◆a / the complex system / network / organization / web / apparatus / workings◆a social system / network / organization◆an adminstrative system / network / apparatus◆to create a system / network / web◆to set up / establish a system / network◆to improve a system / the organization of sth◆to understand / explain a system / the organization of sth / the workings of sth■system [countable] the way in which sth is organized; a group of things or pieces of equipment that are connected or work together体系；体制；系统◆the educational / justice system教育体制；司法体系◆a heating / computer system供热／计算机系统◆Their existing system of government seems to work reasonably well.他们现有的政府体制似乎运转良好。◆The alarm system had been switched off.警报系统已关闭。■network [countable] a closely connected group of people or companies that exchange information and help each other关系网；人际网◆She has a supportive network of close friends.她有一群支持她的亲密朋友。◆The company has a network of regional offices.该公司有一个由各地方办事处构成的网络。◆They have one of the most efficient distribution networks in Europe.他们的分销网是欧洲最具效率的分销网之一。■organization (BrE alsoorganisation) [uncountable] the way in which the different parts of sth are arranged, especially in a society or institution（尤指社会或机构中的）安排，配置，分配◆The report studies the organization of labour within the civil service.报告研究了政府行政部门内部的人力分配问题。◆They experimented with new forms of social organization.他们尝试实行一些新的社会组织形式。■web [countable] a complicated pattern of things that are closely connected, especially when they are difficult to deal with or understand网状物；网络；错综复杂的事物◆An increasingly complex web of legislation has been considered.曾经考虑构建更加复杂的立法体系。◆We were caught in a tangled web of relationships.我们陷入了错综复杂的人际关系网络。◆She discovered a web of intrigue(= secret activities).她发现了一套阴谋诡计。◆a web of deceit / lies一套诈骗计划；连篇谎言ⓘ Many of the collocates of the word web in this meaning make you think of the literal meaning of a spider's web. Collocates include tangled, caught (up) in, entangled in, drawn into, spin, weave and centre of. * web表达此义时，许多搭配词都会使人联想到蜘蛛网的字面意思，这些搭配词有tangled、caught (up) in、entangled in、drawn into、spin、weave和centre of。■apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs; NAmEˌæpəˈrætəs/ [countable, usually singular] the structure of a system or organization, especially that of a government or political party, including all the people working at different levels with different degrees of power（尤指政府或政党的）机构，组织，机关◆Under the new system there was to be no all-powerful central state apparatus.在新体制中，国家中央机关不再拥有至高无上的权力。◆the apparatus of government政府机构■workings [plural] the way in which a system or organization works（系统或机构的）运作方式，工作方法◆The classes give an introduction to the workings of Congress.这些课程介绍国会的运作方式。◆In the book he tries to give a complete description of the workings of the human mind.他力图在书中对人脑的活动方式作出全面描述。ⓘ Workings is usually used in the phrases the workings (of sth) or sth's workings. * workings通常用于短语the workings (of sth)或sth's workings中。
theauthorities
noun
the authorities ♦︎ bureaucracy ♦︎ the establishment ♦︎ the system ♦︎ the top brass ♦︎ officialdomThese words all refer to the people who have power to make decisions in an organization, country or area of activity, or the system they are part of, especially when the system seems unfair because you cannot change or influence it.这些词均表示当权者、当局、统治制度，尤含贬义。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆within the bureaucracy / establishment / system◆the military authorities / bureaucracy / establishment / top brass◆the medical / political authorities / bureaucracy / establishment◆the local / federal / government / state authorities / bureaucracy◆to rebel against / fight the establishment / system■the authorities [plural] the people who have the power to make decisions or who have a particular area of responsibility in a country or region当权者；当局◆The health authorities are investigating the problem.卫生部门正在调查这个问题。◆Someone reported him to the immigration authorities.有人向移民当局举报了他。■bureaucracy / /bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi; NAmEbjʊˈrɑːkrəsi/ [uncountable, countable] a system of government in which there are a large number of state officials who are not elected; a country with this system官僚体制；实行官僚体制的国家◆Many people believed that the state bureaucracy was corrupt.许多人认为国家官僚体制很腐败。◆We are living in a modern bureaucracy.我们生活在现代官僚体制中。 see also bureaucracy ⇨ bureaucracy, bureaucrat ⇨ officialnoun■the establishment ( the Establishment) [singular + singular or plural verb] (oftendisapproving) the people in a society or profession who have influence and who do not usually support change（通常反对变革的）当权派，权势集团◆As a young designer she soon became known for kicking against the Establishment.作为一名年轻设计师，她很快因反对权威而闻名。◆His ideas have not been widely accepted within the academic establishment.在学术界，他的论点还没有得到广泛认可。■the systemthe rules or people that control a country or organization, especially when they seem unfair because you cannot change them（尤指不公正的统治或管理）制度，体系，集团◆You should know you can't beat the system(= you must accept the way things are done).你该知道，你斗不过现行的体制。◆Graham knew how to work the system(= make it work to his own advantage).格雷厄姆知道如何使制度对他有利。■the ˌtop ˈbrass (BrE) (NAmEthe brass) [singular + singular or plural verb] (informal) the people who are in the most important positions in an organization or area of activity（机构或领域的）最高负责人，要员，头目◆There will be a meeting of the sport's top brass in Paris this week.本周将在巴黎召开一次体育巨头会议。■officialdom /əˈfɪʃldəm/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) state officials, or people who are in important positions in large organizations, when they seem to be more interested in following rules than being helpful（只懂按本子办事而不便民的）官僚，当官的人◆The report is critical of attempts by officialdom to deal with the problem of homelessness.报告对处理无家可归者问题上的官僚作风提出批评。
way2
noun
in a friendly way以友好的方式the easiest way to do it做这事最简便的方法the quickest way home最快的回家之路way ♦︎ method ♦︎ technique ♦︎ means ♦︎ process ♦︎ mechanism ♦︎ system ♦︎ methodologyThese are all words for a particular thing that you do in order to do or achieve sth.这些词均表示方法、手段。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a method / technique / means / process / mechanism / system / methodology for (doing) sth◆a way / method / technique / means / system / methodology of (doing) sth◆an effective way / method / technique / means / mechanism / system◆a good / practical way / method / technique / means / system◆a simple way / method / technique / means / process / system◆a / the traditional way / method / technique / means / system / methodology◆a new way / method / technique / means / system / methodology◆an alternative way / method / technique / means / methodology◆to use a method / technique / means / process / system / methodology◆to adopt a method / technique / system / methodology◆to devise / develop a way / method / technique / means / process / system / methodology◆to find a way / method / means / system◆to change a way / method / system / methodology◆a method / technique / mechanism / system works■way [countable] the things that you do in order to do or achieve sth方式；方法；手段◆There are several possible ways of dealing with this problem.有几种方法可以处理这个问题。◆That's not the way to hold a pair of scissors!那样拿剪子不对！◆I prefer to do things the easy way.我做事力求简便。◆We should have done it my way!我们本应该用我的方法来做这件事！◆I generally get what I want one way or another.我一般总能想方设法得到我想要的东西。■method [countable] one of the ways in which sth can be done, especially a way that is made up of several stages方法；办法；措施◆He's quite critical of modern teaching methods.他对现代教学法颇有微词。◆This is a simpler method for making bread.这是制作面包更为简便的方法。◆There are various methods of dealing with this problem.解决这个问题的方法很多。■technique / /tekˈniːk/ / [countable] a particular way of doing sth, especially one that involves a special skill or that you need to learn and practise技巧；技艺；工艺◆The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.这位艺术家在同一幅画中把不同的画法结合在一起。◆You will learn various techniques for dealing with difficult customers.你将学会应对难缠的顾客的不同技巧。◆He needs to improve his throwing technique.他需要改进掷球技巧。■means [countable] something that you use or do as a way of achieving sth方式；方法；途径◆TV is a highly effective means of communication.电视是一种高效的传播手段。◆What means of transport did they use?他们用了哪种交通工具？◆We will use whatever means are necessary.我们将采用任何必要的手段。◆The load was lifted by means of(= using) a crane.货物是用起重机吊起来的。■process [countable] a method of doing or making sth, especially one used in industry做事方法；工艺流程；工序◆They are made using the most advanced manufacturing processes.它们是用最先进的制造工艺生产出来的。 see also process ⇨ treatverb2■mechanism / /ˈmekənɪzəm/ / [countable] (ratherformal) a way of achieving sth方法；机制◆Various mechanisms are in place for dealing with emergencies.处理紧急情况的不同机制已经建立起来。◆Simple repetition was regarded as an effective learning mechanism.简单的重复曾被认为是有效的学习方法。■system [countable] a particular way of doing sth, especially one that involves a planned and fixed series of actions that you follow each time方法；系统；体制◆This is a highly effective system for storing data.这一系统能高效地存储数据。◆Once your systems are in place you can concentrate on the main focus of your business.一旦体制建立起来，你就可以把精力集中在主要业务上。 see also systematic ⇨ efficient■methodology /ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi; NAmEˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) a set of methods and principles used to perform a particular activity（从事某一活动的一系列）方法，原则◆Please give a brief outline of your research methodology.请简要概括你的研究方法。◆Different people adopt different methodologies.不同的人采用不同的方法。