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probability noun
⇨ possibility (a high probability of success) ⇨ in all probability ⇨ probably adv. possibility noun possibility ♦︎ chance ♦︎ probability ♦︎ odds ♦︎ prospect ♦︎ likelihoodThese are all words for how likely sth is to happen, or for a thing that is likely to happen. 这些词均表示可能性或可能发生的事。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达可能的程度| possibility | ➔ | prospect | ➔ | probability | | chance | | | | likelihood | | odds | | | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a possibility / a chance / a probability / the odds / the prospect / the likelihood of sth◆a possibility / a chance / the probability / the odds / the prospect / the likelihood that...◆a real / reasonable possibility / chance / probability / prospect / likelihood◆a strong possibility / chance / probability / likelihood◆a high chance / probability / likelihood◆a realistic / serious / remote possibility / chance / prospect◆every possibility / chance / probability / prospect / likelihood◆little chance / prospect / likelihood◆There is (no) possibility / chance / prospect / likelihood of sth.◆The chances / probability / odds / likelihood is / are that...◆to have the possibility / a chance / a ... probability / the prospect / a ...likelihood◆to increase / reduce the possibility / chance / probability / odds / likelihood◆to calculate the probability / odds / likelihood■ possibility [uncountable, countable] the fact that sth might exist or happen, but is not certain to 可能；可能性◆He refused to rule out the possibility of a tax increase.他拒绝排除加税的可能性。◆ (especially BrE) It is not beyond the bounds of possibility that we'll all meet again one day.我们大家将来有一天再度聚首，这绝非不可能。◆What had seemed impossible now seemed a distinct possibility.曾经看似不可能的事情现在显然有可能实现。◆There is a remote possibility that we might have got it wrong.我们也有可能搞错了，但可能性不大。 see also possible ⇨ likely ■ chance [countable, uncountable] a possibility that sth might exist or happen, especially sth that you want （尤指愿望成真的）可能性◆Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight?有可能弄到今晚的票吗？◆The operation has a fifty-fifty chance of success.手术成功的可能性是50%。◆As long as there is an outside chance (= a slight chance) we'll go for it.只要有一点点希望，我们都会去争取。◆She has only a slim chance of passing the exam.她通过考试的希望不大。◆There is no chance that he will change his mind.他不可能改变主意。■ probability / /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti; NAmE ˌprɑːbəˈbɪləti/ [uncountable, countable] how likely sth is to happen; a thing that is likely to happen 可能性；很可能发生的事◆The probability is that prices will rise rapidly.物价有可能迅速上涨。◆A fall in interest rates is a strong probability in the present economic climate.在目前的经济形势下，降低利率大有可能。ⓘ In mathematics a probability is a ratio showing the chances that a particular thing will happen. 数学中probability指概率、几率◆There is a 60% probability that the population will be infected with the disease.民众感染这种病的几率是60%。 see also probable ⇨ likely ■ odds (usually the odds 通常作the odds) [plural] how likely sth is to happen; something that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve sth （事物发生的）可能性，概率；不利条件◆The odds are very much in our favour (= we are likely to succeed).我方胜算的几率极大。◆The odds are heavily against him (= he is not likely to succeed).他成功的几率很小。◆What are the odds (= how likely is it) he won't turn up?他不露面的可能性有多大？◆Against all (the) odds, he made a full recovery.原本是凶多吉少，他却完全康复了。ⓘ In betting odds are the connection between two numbers that shows how much money sb will receive if they win a bet. 赌博中，odds指投注赔率◆I put £10 on Middlesbrough to beat Manchester at odds of three to one (= three times the amount of money that has been bet by sb will be paid to them if they win).我押10英镑赌米德尔斯伯勒赢曼彻斯特，赔率三比一。◆They are offering long / short odds (= the winnings will be high / low because there is a high / low risk of losing) on the defending champion.他们为卫冕者开出了高／低赔率。 ■ prospect [uncountable, singular] (rather formal) the possibility that sth might happen, especially sth good （尤指好事发生的）可能性，希望◆There is no immediate prospect of peace.短期内没有和平的希望。◆A place in the semi-finals is in prospect (= likely to happen).可望打进半决赛。 see also prospective ⇨ likely ■ likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ / [uncountable, singular] the possibility that sth might happen; how likely sth is to happen 可能；可能性◆There is very little likelihood of that happening.几乎没有发生那种事情的可能。◆The likelihood is that (= it is likely that) unemployment figures will continue to fall.失业人数很有可能继续减少。◆In all likelihood (= very probably) the meeting will be cancelled.这次会议十有八九要取消。 see also likely ⇨ likely NOTE 辨析 Probability or likelihood? Probability is used more in scientific and technical contexts; likelihood is used more in business contexts. However, in everyday speech you can usually use either word. * probability多用于科学技术语境，likelihood多用于商务语境。但在日常生活中，两个词往往可通用。 probably adverb probably ♦︎ presumably ♦︎ no doubt ♦︎ doubtless ♦︎ (the) chances are... ♦︎ most likely ♦︎ in all probability...These words are all used to say that sth is likely to happen or be true. 这些词均表示很可能、大概。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达可能的程度| probably | ➔ | presumably | ➔ | no doubt | | the chances are… | | most likely | | doubtless | | | in all probability… | | |
■ probably (especially spoken) used to say that sth is likely to happen or be true 几乎肯定；很可能；大概◆You're probably right.你很可能是对的。◆It'll probably be OK.这大概没什么问题。◆'Is he going to be there?' 'Probably.'“他会在那里吗？”“大概吧。”◆'Do we need the car?' 'Probably not.'“我们需要开车吗？”“大概用不着。” see also probable ⇨ likely ■ presumably /prɪˈzjuːməbli; NAmE prɪˈzuːməbli/ (especially spoken) used to say that you think that sth is probably true, based on the evidence you have （以现有的事实依据看）很可能，大概，想必是◆Presumably this is where the accident happened.这里大概就是事故现场。◆I couldn't concentrate, presumably because I was so tired.我的精神集中不起来，大概是太累了吧。 see also presume ⇨ suppose NOTE 辨析 Probably or presumably? Probably suggests a conclusion based on what is generally likely to be true; presumably suggests a conclusion based on particular evidence, even though neither word suggests certainty. * probably指依常理推断为真，presumably则指依特定证据推断为真，两词都表示不确定的猜测。 Presumably can be used to suggest that sth should be the case * presumably可以表示应该如此◆Presumably you'll be leaving the children at home.你应该会把孩子们留在家里吧。◆Probably you'll be leaving the children at home. or to ask sb to confirm what you already believe. * presumably也可用于请人证实自己的猜测◆You'll be taking the car, presumably?你们大概要开车去？◆You'll be taking the car, probably? Probably can be used to agree with sb * probably可以表示赞同◆You're probably right.你很可能是对的。◆You're presumably right. or to comfort sb. * probably也可用于宽慰某人◆It'll probably be OK.这大概没什么问题。◆It'll presumably be OK. ■ ˌno ˈdoubt idiom (rather formal) used to say that you think that sth is probably true, because it is what you would normally expect 无疑，很可能（因为正常情况下如此）◆No doubt she'll call us when she gets there.她到了那里肯定会给我们打电话。■ doubtless (rather formal, written) almost certainly 大概；几乎肯定地◆He would doubtless disapprove of what Kelly was doing.他肯定不会赞同凯利做的事。■ (the) chances are... idiom (rather informal) it is likely that... 可能⋯◆(The) chances are you won't have to pay.可能你不必付钱。■ most likely very probably 很可能；大概◆The illness was caused, most likely, by a virus.这种病很可能是病毒引起的。 see also likely ⇨ likely ■ in ˌall probaˈbility... idiom (written) it is very likely that... 很可能⋯◆In all probability he failed to understand the consequences of his actions.他很可能不了解他这样做的后果。 |