| 例句 |
abstract noun
⇨ summaryabstract adj.
⇨ intellectual 1 summary noun summary ♦︎ outline ♦︎ overview ♦︎ sketch ♦︎ synopsis ♦︎ abstract ♦︎ rundownThese are all words for a short version of sth longer, especially a piece of writing or a discussion. 这些词均表示总结、概要、摘要。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a summary / an outline / an overview / a sketch / a synopsis / an abstract / a rundown of sth◆in summary / outline◆a brief summary / outline / overview / sketch / synopsis◆a quick / short / general summary / outline / overview◆a full summary / overview / rundown◆to give sb a summary / an outline / an overview / a sketch / a synopsis / a rundown◆to provide a summary / an outline / an overview / a sketch / a synopsis / an abstract■ summary [countable] a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details 总结；概括；摘要◆The following is a summary of our conclusions.现将我们的几点结论综述如下。◆a news summary新闻摘要◆a two-page summary of a government report一份两页的政府报告摘要■ outline [countable] a description of the main facts or points involved in sth 概述；梗概◆This is a brief outline of the events.这就是事件的简要概括。◆The article describes in outline the main findings of the research.文章扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。 see also outline ⇨ outline verb , outline ⇨ shape noun ■ overview / /ˈəʊvəvjuː; NAmE ˈoʊvərvjuː/ [countable] a description or understanding of the main facts or points involved in sth 概述；概论；概况◆The second chapter will provide an overview of the issues involved.第二章将对相关议题作出概述。◆My main concern is to get an overview of the main environmental problems facing the area.我所关注的是简要了解该地区的主要环境问题。NOTE 辨析 Summary, outline or overview?A summary is always written or made after the full version of a text, discussion, etc. has been written or recorded; it may be read after, before or instead of reading the full text. An outline can be written or given before the full version is produced or worked out. * summary总是根据某个文本的全文或讨论等的记录写成，可能在全文之前、之后或代替全文朗读。outline可以在全文写作之前就已写成或给出◆You should draw up an outline for the essay before you start writing.你开始写这篇文章之前应该先写个大纲。◆The outline agreement about the country's transition to full democracy still has to be discussed at a multi-party forum.有关这个国家向完全民主化转变的协议纲要仍需在一次多党论坛上讨论。An overview is similar to an outline, but the emphasis is more on the fact that sb wants to look for general trends across a wide area, rather than that the details are still to be worked out. A summary or outline is given or provided by sb; an overview can be given, but a person may also get, take or gain an overview for themselves. * overview与outline相似，但更强调想在一个广大范围中寻找大概趋势，而不关注仍待给出的细节。summary或outline可与give或provide连用。overview可以是给出的，但也可以说get /take/gain an overview。 ■ sketch [countable] a short report or story that gives only basic details about sth 简报；速写；概述◆The first few pages give a biographical sketch of the author.开头几页是作者的生平简介。 see also sketch ⇨ outline verb ■ synopsis /sɪˈnɒpsɪs; NAmE sɪˈnɑːpsɪs/ (plural synopses /sɪˈnɒpsiːz/ / ) [countable] (rather formal) a summary of a piece of writing, especially a book or play （尤指书或剧本的）大纲，提要，概要，梗概◆The programme gave a complete synopsis of the play.演出说明书对这个话剧作了完整概述。■ abstract / /ˈæbstrækt/ / [countable] (rather formal or technical 术语) a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document, especially an official or academic one （尤指官方文件或学术文献的）摘要，概要◆Abstracts of about 300 words should be submittted to the conference committee who will decide which papers to accept.需向研讨会组委会提交大约300字的论文摘要，由他们决定哪些可以采用。■ rundown / /ˈrʌndaʊn/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather informal, especially spoken) an explanation or description of sth 解释；描述◆Shall I give you a brief rundown of each of the job applicants?需要我给你简单介绍一下每位求职者的情况吗？ intellectual1 adjective intellectual abilities/discussion 智能；思想交锋an intellectual audience/elite 聪明的观众；知识精英intellectual ♦︎ theoretical ♦︎ psychological ♦︎ mental ♦︎ abstract ♦︎ philosophical ♦︎ academic ♦︎ conceptualThese words all describe things that are connected with ideas or the mind rather than the physical world. 这些词均表示思想的、理智的、观念上的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / sb's mental / an abstract / a philosophical / an academic / a conceptual approach◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a philosophical / an academic / a conceptual framework◆intellectual / theoretical / psychological / abstract / philosophical / conceptual terms◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / a mental / an abstract / a philosophical concept◆intellectual / abstract / philosophical / academic / conceptual thought / thinking◆intellectual / theoretical / abstract / philosophical / academic discussion / argument / debate◆an intellectual / a theoretical / a psychological / a mental / a philosophical / a conceptual problem◆theoretical / psychological / philosophical / academic study◆purely intellectual / theoretical / psychological / mental / abstract / philosophical / academic / conceptual◆highly / largely intellectual / theoretical / abstract / academic■ intellectual / /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ / [usually before noun] connected with or using sb's ability to think in a logical way and understand things 智力的；脑力的；理智的◆It can be very difficult to measure intellectual ability.智力水平很难进行测验。◆You can't really appreciate art from a purely intellectual standpoint.从纯理性的角度不可能真正地欣赏艺术。▸ intellectually adverb ◆The party carries no weight intellectually.该党在思想上没有什么影响力。◆It's an intellectually demanding job.这是个对智力要求很高的工作。■ theoretical / /ˌθɪəˈretɪkl; NAmE ˌθiːəˈretɪkl/ [usually before noun] concerned with the ideas and principles on which a subject is based rather than with practice or experiments 理论上的◆We aim to provide you with both theoretical and practical knowledge of your subject.我们力求为你们提供所学科目的理论和实践知识。◆The emphasis of his lectures is on theoretical physics.他讲座的重点是理论物理学。OPP practical , experimental ⇨ practical see also theory ⇨ theory 1 ▸ theoretically adverb ◆Travelling faster than the speed of light is theoretically impossible.运行速度超过光速在理论上是不可能的。◆Theoretically, education is free in this country.该国的教育按理说是免费的。■ psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl; NAmE ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ [usually before noun] connected with the mind and how it works 心灵的；心理的◆Victory in the previous game should give them a psychological advantage over their opponents.上一场比赛的胜利使他们比对手有心理优势。◆Her latest movie is a tense psychological drama.她的最新影片是一部情节紧张的心理剧。◆I think his illness is more psychological (= caused by the mind) than physical.我认为他的病是心病，而不是身体上的。▸ psychologically adverb ◆Some of these so-called therapies can actually be psychologically harmful.这些所谓的治疗有一些实际上会对心理造成伤害。■ mental [usually before noun] connected with or happening in the mind; involving the process of thinking 思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的◆The experience caused her huge amounts of mental suffering.那次经历给她带来了巨大的精神痛苦。◆Do you have a mental picture of the scene (= can you imagine what it looks like)?你能想象那场景是什么样子吗？◆I made a mental note to call her as soon as I got home.我让自己记着一到家就给她打电话。◆I have a complete mental block (= I cannot learn or remember) when it comes to physics.我对物理一点都学不进去。◆Are you any good at mental arithmetic (= mathematical calculations that you do in your mind rather than on paper)?你擅长心算吗？▸ mentally adverb ◆The team were outplayed, physically and mentally.该队在体力上和精神上都被打败了。◆You need to be mentally prepared for the race.你得为比赛做好心理准备。■ abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ / based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation; existing in thought or as an idea but not having any physical reality 抽象的（与具体情况或具体经验相对）；纯理论的◆Freedom is more than a purely abstract notion.自由并不仅仅是一个纯粹抽象的概念。◆We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。OPP concrete ⇨ final see also abstraction ⇨ idea 1 ▸ the abstract noun [singular] ◆Legal questions rarely exist in the abstract; they are based on real cases.法律问题很少以抽象理论形式存在，它们是以真实的案例为基础的。■ philosophical / /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl; NAmE ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkl/ [usually before noun] connected with philosophy; involving serious thinking about life, the universe and other important issues 哲学的；思辨的◆The level of philosophical debate is usually quite high.哲学辩论的水平通常很高。▸ philosophically adverb ◆She is right-wing both politically and philosophically.她在政治上和哲学上都是右翼。■ academic [usually before noun] involving a lot of reading or studying rather than practical or technical skills 学术的（与实践技能或技术技能相对）◆I wasn't sure I could cope with the academic demands of the course.我没把握应付得了这门课的学术要求。◆She had very few academic qualifications.她的学术资历很欠缺。▸ academically adverb ◆They are all well qualified academically, but have little practical experience.他们在学历上完全够格，但几乎没有什么实践经验。■ conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ / (formal) connected with or based on ideas 概念（上）的；观念（上）的◆She presents a conceptual framework for the analysis of educational processes.她提出了一个分析教育过程的概念框架。 see also concept ⇨ idea 1 ▸ conceptually adverb ◆conceptually similar / distinct概念上相似／不同 |