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challenge verb
⇨ challenge (challenge sb to a game of chess) ⇨ confront (challenged by police) ⇨ doubt (challenge an assumption)challenge noun
⇨ problem challenge verb challenge ♦︎ dare ♦︎ throw down the gauntletThese words all mean to invite sb to fight or compete with you, or do sth that you think they may be afraid to do. 这些词均表示挑战某人或激发某人做某事。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to challenge / dare sb to do sth■ challenge / /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ / [transitive] to invite sb to enter a competition or fight; to suggest strongly that sb should do sth, especially when you think that they might be unwilling to do it 向（某人）挑战；（尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事）◆Mike challenged me to a game of chess.迈克硬要和我在棋盘上一决高下。◆The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election.反对党领袖强烈要求首相宣布进行选举。 see also challenger ⇨ participant ▸ challenge noun [countable] ◆She took up his challenge.她接受了他的挑战。■ dare [transitive] to try to persuade sb to do sth dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid 激（某人做某事）；问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）◆Go on! Take it! I dare you.来呀！接受吧！我谅你也不敢。◆Some of the older boys had dared him to do it.几个大男孩激他做这事。▸ dare noun [countable, usually singular] ◆ (BrE) He climbed onto the roof for a dare.他受到激将爬上了房顶。 (NAmE) ◆She learned to fly on a dare.她在激将下学会了驾驶飞机。■ throw down the ˈgauntlet idiom (threw, thrown)to invite sb to fight or compete with you 发出挑战◆She has thrown down the gauntlet to the newspaper by accusing it of libel.她向那家报社发出挑战，控告他们诽谤。 OPP take up the gauntlet ⓘ To take up the gauntlet is to accept sb's invitation to fight or compete. * take up the gauntlet指接受挑战◆His Republican rival may be expected to take up the gauntlet.据猜测，他的共和党竞争对手可能会接受挑战。 confront verb ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ face and ⇨ tackle 另见face条和tackle条confront ♦︎ tackle ♦︎ challengeThese words all mean to face or speak to sb in a difficult or dangerous situation, especially when you show courage or authority. 这些词均表示对抗、对峙、交涉。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to confront / tackle / challenge sb directly■ confront [transitive] to face sb so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation 挺身面对；对抗；与（某人）对峙◆This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.这是他第一次面对一个带武器的劫匪。■ tackle [transitive] to speak to sb about a problem or difficult situation, especially when you need them to do sth and you know that it might be hard to persuade them 与⋯交涉◆I tackled him about the money he owed me.他欠我钱，我跟他交涉了。■ challenge [transitive] to order sb to stop and say who they are or what they are doing 盘问；查问◆We were challenged by police at the border.我们在边境受到警察盘问。 doubt verb doubt ♦︎ question ♦︎ challenge ♦︎ dispute ♦︎ contest ♦︎ queryThese words all mean to have or express uncertainty about sb/sth. 这些词均表示怀疑或无把握。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to doubt / question / challenge / dispute / query whether...◆to doubt / dispute that...◆to doubt / question / challenge / dispute / contest the validity of sth◆to doubt / question / challenge the wisdom of sb / sth◆to doubt / question / challenge a story◆to doubt / question sb's integrity / motives◆to question / challenge / dispute / contest / query a decision◆to seriously doubt / question / challenge / dispute / contest sth■ doubt [transitive] to feel uncertain about sth; to feel that sth is not true or will probably not happen 怀疑；对⋯无把握；认为⋯未必可能◆There seems no reason to doubt her story.似乎没有理由怀疑她所说的话。◆'Do you think England will win?'－'I doubt it.'“你认为英格兰队会赢吗？”“不一定。”◆I never doubted (that) she would come.我从未怀疑过她会来。◆I doubt if the new one will be any better.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好一些。 see also doubtful ⇨ unlikely 1 , doubtful ⇨ unsure , undoubted ⇨ undoubted ■ question [transitive] to have or express doubts or suspicions about sth 表示疑问；怀疑◆I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it.他说什么我就信什么，从未有过怀疑。◆No one has ever questioned her judgement.对她的判断从没有人表示过怀疑。◆He questioned whether the accident was solely the truck driver's fault.他怀疑是否应把事故责任全归咎于卡车司机一个人。 see also unquestioned ⇨ undoubted , unquestionable ⇨ conclusive ■ challenge / /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ / [transitive] to express or cause doubts about whether sth is true or legal; to refuse to accept sth 对⋯怀疑；质疑；拒绝接受◆The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.这种说法纯属捏造，已在法庭上被揭穿。◆This discovery challenges traditional beliefs.这个发现是对传统信念的冲击。◆She does not like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。 see also unchallenged ⇨ undoubted ■ dispute / /dɪˈspjuːt/ / [transitive] to express doubts about whether sth is true and valid 质疑；对⋯表示异议（或怀疑）◆These figures have been disputed.有人对这些数字提出了质疑。◆The players disputed the referee's decision.参赛选手对裁判的裁决提出了异议。◆No one is disputing that there is a problem.没有人否认问题的存在。 see also undisputed ⇨ undoubted , indisputable ⇨ conclusive ■ contest / /kənˈtest/ / [transitive] to formally oppose a decision or statement and try to have it changed （正式地）争辩，提出异议，反对◆Her son contested the will, stating that she was not of sound mind when she signed it.她儿子对遗嘱提出了质疑，说她签字时神志不清。◆The divorce was not contested.这桩离婚案没有人提出异议。 see also uncontested ⇨ undoubted ■ query /ˈkwɪəri; NAmE ˈkwɪri/ [transitive] to express doubts about whether sth is correct or not 怀疑；表示疑虑◆We queried the bill as it seemed far too high.账单上的费用似乎太高了，我们对此表示怀疑。NOTE 辨析 Question or query?These words are very close in meaning, although question is more frequent. Query is often used to express doubts about the details of sth, such as a bill, a report or an expenses claim. Question expresses stronger doubt, including the doubt that sth exists at all. 这两个词含义十分相近，只是question更常用些。query常指对某事细节内容起疑，如账单、报告或费用报销等。question指较强烈的怀疑，包括怀疑某事是否真的存在◆I question the existence of life on other planets.我对其他行星上是否有生物感到怀疑。◆I query the existence of life on other planets. problem noun problem ♦︎ difficulty ♦︎ issue ♦︎ challenge ♦︎ trouble ♦︎ the matter ♦︎ complicationThese are all words for a thing or situation which is not easy to deal with or to understand. 这些词均表示难题、困难。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a problem / a difficulty / an issue / trouble / the matter / a complication with sth◆a problem / an issue / a challenge / trouble for sb◆further problems / difficulties / issues / challenges / trouble / complications◆the main problem / difficulty / issue / challenge / trouble◆(a) serious / real problem / difficulties / issue / challenge / trouble◆basic problems / difficulties / issues / trouble◆endless / severe problems / difficulties / trouble◆a major / minor problem / difficulty / issue / challenge / complication◆(a) big problem / issue / challenge / trouble◆to have problems / difficulties / issues / trouble◆to cause / avoid problems / difficulties / trouble / complications◆to create / bring / run into problems / difficulties / trouble◆to make difficulties / an issue of sth / trouble◆a problem / a difficulty / an issue / a complication arises / exists◆the problem / difficulty / trouble lies in sth■ problem [countable] a thing that is not easy to deal with or understand 棘手的问题；难题；困难◆Most students face the problem of funding themselves while they study.大部分学生在求学期间都会面临经济来源问题。◆Unemployment is a very real problem for graduates now.如今失业是毕业生面临的一个非常实际的问题。◆There's no history of heart problems (= disease connected with the heart) in our family.我们家族里没有心脏病史。◆It's a nice table. The only problem is it's too big for the room.这张桌子不错，唯一的问题是摆在房间里太大了。◆ (informal, spoken) 'But what am I supposed to do now?' 'Don't ask me－it's not my problem / that's your problem (= I don't care and you must deal with it yourself).“但是我现在该做什么呢？”“别问我－那不关我的事／那是你的事。”◆'Can I pay by credit card?' 'Yes, no problem.'“可以用信用卡付账吗？”“当然，没问题。” see also problematic ⇨ sensitive 2 ■ difficulty [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a thing or situation that is not easy to deal with 困难；难题；困境◆We've run into difficulties with the new project.我们在这个新项目上遇到了困难。◆He got into difficulties while swimming and had to be rescued.他游泳时遇险，只好靠人营救。◆She works with children with learning difficulties.她工作的对象是有学习障碍的孩子。◆The bank is in difficulty at the moment.目前那家银行正陷入困境。 see also difficulty ⇨ difficulty , difficult ⇨ difficult 1 2 NOTE 辨析 Problem or difficulty?To talk about one particular thing that is difficult to deal with use problem. * problem指一个特定的难题◆The problem first arose in 2003.这个问题首次出现在2003年。To talk about a number of things together that are difficult to deal with you can use problems or difficulties. 表示多个问题交织在一起的困境可用复数形式的problems或difficulties◆The project has been fraught with problems / difficulties from the start.该项目自一开始就困难重重。To talk about a situation that is full of problems, you can use difficulties or difficulty. 表示问题成堆的局面可以用difficulties或difficulty◆What should you do if you see someone in difficulties / difficulty in the water?如果看见有人被困水中，你会怎么办？ ■ issue [countable] (rather informal) a problem or worry that sb has with sth （有关某事的）问题，担忧◆Money is not an issue.钱不是问题。◆I don't think my private life is the issue here.我想现在问题并非在于我的私生活。◆I'm not bothered about the cost－you're the one who's making an issue of it.我不在乎花费－是你一直在拿花费大做文章。◆ (especially NAmE) She's always on a diet－she has issues about / with food.她总是在节食－她对吃的东西很注意。■ challenge [countable] (usually approving) a new or difficult task that tests sb's ability and skill 挑战；艰巨任务◆The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。◆She has taken on some exciting new challenges with this job.做这个工作，她接受了一些令人兴奋的新挑战。ⓘ Unlike the other items in this group, a challenge is usually seen as a positive thing. 与本组其他词不同，challenge通常被看成是正面的事物◆an exciting / interesting challenge令人兴奋／感兴趣的挑战However, it is also used to describe a serious problem that you are determined to deal with in a positive way. 但也指决心要积极面对的严重问题◆Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境破坏是我们面临的最严重的挑战之一。 see also challenging ⇨ difficult 1 ■ trouble [uncountable, countable] (disapproving) a problem or worry, or a situation that causes this 问题；忧虑；苦恼◆We've never had much trouble with vandals around here.我们这一带从来没有多少破坏公物的问题。◆He could make trouble for me if he wanted to.他要是折腾起来也够我受的。◆She was on the phone for an hour telling me all her troubles.她在电话上跟我吐苦水，讲了一小时。◆The trouble with you is you don't really want to work.你的问题是你根本就不想工作。■ the matter [singular] (especially spoken) used (to ask) if sb is upset or unhappy or if there is a problem （用于询问是否不高兴或是否有问题）苦恼，麻烦事◆What's the matter? Is there something wrong?怎么了？出什么事了吗？◆Is anything the matter?有什么问题吗？◆Is something the matter with Bob? He seems very down.鲍勃出什么事了吗？他看起来情绪很低落。◆'We've bought a new TV.' 'What was the matter with the old one?'“我们买了台新电视机。”“那台旧的怎么了？”◆What's the matter with you today (= why are you behaving like this)?你今天是怎么了？■ complication /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ [countable, uncountable] a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficult 使更复杂化（或更困难）的事物◆The bad weather added a further complication to our journey.恶劣的天气给我们的旅行增添了更多的麻烦。 see also complicated ⇨ complex |