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maintain1 verb maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ sustain ♦︎ extend ♦︎ prolong ♦︎ keep sth up ♦︎ keep sth going ♦︎ perpetuate ♦︎ prop sth upThese words all mean to make sth continue at the same level or standard. 这些词均表示维持、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / keep up standards / a relationship◆to maintain / sustain / keep up levels / rates / morale / interest / growth / the momentum◆to keep the momentum going◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / perpetuate a system / myth◆to maintain / preserve / sustain a / an balance / illusion◆to maintain / preserve / keep up a tradition◆to keep a tradition going◆to maintain / sustain / keep up a pretence◆to maintain / preserve anonymity / confidentiality / order / the status quo / your heritage◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / extend / prolong (sb's) life◆to extend / prolong a visit / stay◆to still maintain sth / preserve sth / sustain sth / keep sth up / keep sth going / perpetuate sth / prop sth up◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / prolong sth / keep sth going indefinitely◆to maintain / extend / prolong sth deliberately■ maintain / /meɪnˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持；保持◆Our principal task is to maintain law and order.我们的主要任务是维持治安。◆The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。◆ (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.她保持沉默，以示尊严。■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep a particular quality or feature; to make sure that a quality or feature is kept 保护；维护；保留◆He was anxious to preserve his reputation.他急于维护自己的名声。◆Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。◆She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.她在艰难的环境下依然不失幽默感。■ sustain / /səˈsteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue for some time at the same level 使保持；使稳定持续◆We are experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.我们正经历一段经济持续增长的时期。◆She had been the victim of a sustained attack.她曾遭受长时间的暴力袭击。◆She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。▸ sustainable adjective ◆sustainable economic growth经济的可持续增长OPP unsustainable NOTE 辨析 Maintain or sustain?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆to maintain / sustain a balance / a pretence / people's interest / life保持平衡；维持假象；使人们保持兴趣；维持生命 Maintain is used especially to talk about keeping sth at its usual level for an unlimited period of time. * maintain尤指使事物在不受限定的时间内保持惯常的水平◆They believe that the role of the state is to maintain the status quo, rather than to promote major economic and social change.他们认为国家的职能是保持现状，而不是促进经济和社会的重大变革。 Sustain is used more to talk about keeping sth at a higher than usual level for a long but not unlimited period. * sustain较多指使事物在很长但并非无限的时间内保持高于往常的水平◆How long can this level of growth be sustained?这种水平的增长能持续多久？ ■ extend [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆They've agreed to extend the deadline.他们同意延长截止期限。◆The show has been extended for another six weeks.展览会又延长了六周。◆Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years.精心保养可使汽车寿命延长几年。 see also extended ⇨ long adj. ▸ extension noun [countable] ◆He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.他的合同获得延期一年。■ prolong /prəˈlɒŋ; NAmE prəˈlɔːŋ, prəˈlɑːŋ/ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.这次手术可使他多活两三年。◆Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing sth) －just tell us who won!别卖关子了－快说谁赢了！ see also prolonged ⇨ long adj. NOTE 辨析 Extend or prolong? Extend is used especially in business contexts. * extend尤用于商务语境◆to extend a deadline / an overdraft / a trip / a visa / a right / a mandate延长截止期限；提供透支；延长旅行／签证／权利／任期 Prolong is more often used to talk about making experiences last longer. * prolong较多指延长经历◆to prolong your stay / visit / life / survival / agony / misery延长逗留时间／访问／生命／生存时间／痛苦／不幸 ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup phrasal verb (kept, kept)to make sth stay at a high level; to continue to use or practise sth 使⋯保持在高水平；沿用；沿袭；保持◆The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.昂贵的原料费用使价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。◆We try to keep up the old customs.我们尽量保持这些老习俗。◆Do you still keep up your Spanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？■ ˌkeep sth ˈgoing phrase (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make an effort to make a process, activity or tradition continue to happen or exist 使（进程、活动或传统）维持下去◆We have a chance of winning the championship as long as we can keep the momentum going (= keep playing at the same high level).我们只要能保持这个势头就有机会夺冠。■ perpetuate /pəˈpetʃueɪt; NAmE pərˈpetʃueɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time 使（恶劣局面或信念等）持久化（或持续）◆This new law just serves to perpetuate inequality.这项新法律只会持续造成不平等。◆This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.这一制度维持了几个世纪。◆Comics and books for children tend to perpetuate the myth that 'boys don't cry'.儿童连环画和图书往往在延续着“男儿有泪不轻弹”的固有观念。ⓘ Typical collocates of perpetuate are inequality, myth, stereotype and system. * perpetuate的常见搭配词有inequality、myth、stereotype和system。■ ˌprop sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-) (often disapproving, especially business 尤用于商业) to help sth that is having difficulties, when it might be better to let it fail and use your resources for sth else 帮助，扶持，救济（本该任其败落的事物）◆The government was accused of propping up declining industries.人们指责政府贴补日趋衰落的产业。ⓘ Prop sth up is used most often in financial contexts. * prop sth up最常用于金融语境◆to prop up the economy / exchange value of sterling / pound / dollar / stockmarket扶持经济；维持英镑／美元的汇兑价值；救助股市 |