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extreme adj.
⇨ maximum (extreme pressure) ⇨ radical (extreme views) ⇨ serious 1 (in extreme circumstances)maximum adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ large 另见large条maximum ♦︎ intense ♦︎ extreme ♦︎ utmost ♦︎ supremeThese words all describe sth that is very large in degree or amount. 这些词均表示最大的、最多的、极度的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆maximum / extreme / the utmost / supreme importance◆maximum / extreme / the utmost care◆maximum / extreme / the utmost difficulty◆maximum / intense / extreme pleasure / enjoyment◆intense / extreme / supreme happiness◆intense / extreme discomfort / pain■ maximum [only before noun] as large, fast, etc. as is possible; the most that is possible or allowed 最高的；最多的；最大极限的◆Turn it right up to the maximum volume.把它直接开到最大音量。◆For maximum effect do the exercises every day.每天做这些锻炼以取得最佳效果。◆The offence carries a maximum prison sentence of ten years.该罪最高可判处十年监禁。 OPP minimum ⓘ Minimum describes the smallest or least of sth that is possible or allowed. * minimum表示最低的、最小的、最低限度的◆a minimum charge / price最低收费／价格◆the minimum age for retirement最低退休年龄◆The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.做这项工作没费什么劲。 ■ intense very great or strong 很大的；十分强烈的◆We were all suffering in the intense heat.我们都在酷热下受折磨。◆The President is under intense pressure to resign.总统承受着沉重的辞职压力。◆He was startled by the intense blue of her eyes.她深蓝色的眼睛让他吃了一惊。■ extreme [usually before noun] very great in degree 极度的；极大的◆We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。◆There are still thousands of people living in extreme poverty.仍有数以千计的人生活在极度贫困中。◆The heat in the desert was extreme.沙漠中酷热难当。 see also extreme ⇨ serious 1 , extremely ⇨ very adv. NOTE 辨析 Intense or extreme? Intense describes a very strong or deep feeling or quality. * intense形容情感十分强烈或深切或特征极为鲜明◆intense desire / interest / heat / blue eyes强烈的欲望；浓厚的兴趣；酷热；深蓝色的眼睛 Extreme describes a feeling, quality, action or state that is at its limit. * extreme形容情感、特征、行为或状态达到极致◆extreme pain / heat / violence / danger疼痛至极；酷热难当；极端的暴力；极度的危险 Extreme very often describes negative things; intense describes both positive and negative things. * extreme常常描述负面的事物，intense描述正面和负面的事物均可。 ■ utmost [only before noun] the most that is possible 最大的；极度的◆This is a matter of the utmost importance.这是个至关重要的问题。◆You should study this document with the utmost care.你要慎之又慎地研究这份文件。■ supreme / /suːˈpriːm, BrE also sjuːˈpriːm/ / [usually before noun] very great or the greatest in degree （程度）很大的，最大的◆She smiled with supreme confidence.她充满自信地微微一笑。◆It took a supreme effort to stay calm.尽了最大努力才得以保持平静。◆During the war, many people made the supreme sacrifice (= died for what they believed in).战争期间，许多人作出了最大牺牲。NOTE 辨析 Utmost or supreme? Supreme is often used with a positive meaning. * supreme常表示正面的意义◆supreme effort / control / emphasis / courage最大的努力／克制／重视／勇气 Utmost can be used with a positive or a more negative meaning. * utmost表示正面或较为负面的意义均可◆the utmost contempt / care / difficulty / importance / respect / severity极为轻蔑／谨慎／困难／重要／尊敬／严重 radical adjective radical ♦︎ revolutionary ♦︎ progressive ♦︎ extremeThese words all describe ideas and views that are very new and/or different, especially in politics. 这些词均表示观点或见解全新的、颠覆传统的、激进的，尤其在政治方面。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达激进的程度| progressive | ➔ | radical | ➔ | extreme | ➔ | revolutionary |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆radical / revolutionary / progressive / extreme ideas / views◆radical / revolutionary proposals / solutions◆a radical / revolutionary leader■ radical / /ˈrædɪkl/ / [usually before noun](of ideas) new, different, and likely to have a great effect; (of people or their opinions) in favour of thorough and complete political or social change （观念）全新的，有创见的；（人或其观点在针对政治或社会变化方面）激进的，极端的◆He proposed a radical solution to the problem.他提出了一个解决问题的全新方法。◆the radical wing of the party党内的激进派◆radical politicians / students / writers激进的政治人物／学生／作家 OPP conservative ⇨ conservative see also radical ⇨ fundamental ■ revolutionary / /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri; NAmE ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/ involving a great or complete change; connected with political revolution 彻底变革的；巨变的；革命的◆It was a time of rapid and revolutionary change.那是一个迅猛、剧烈的变革时期。◆At the time this idea was revolutionary.这个想法在当时创意非凡。◆revolutionary uprisings革命起义 see also revolution ⇨ revolution 1 , revolutionary ⇨ guerrilla noun ■ progressive /prəˈgresɪv/ / (usually approving) in favour of new ideas, modern methods and change 进步的；先进的；开明的◆progressive schools开明的学校◆Are you in favour of progressive teaching methods?你赞成新式教学方法吗？OPP conservative ⇨ conservative see also progress ⇨ progress ■ extreme (usually disapproving) (of people, political organizations or opinions) far from what most people consider to be normal, reasonable or acceptable （人、政治组织或观点）极端的，偏激的，过分的◆extreme left-wing / right-wing views极左／极右观点OPP moderate ⇨ disciplined ▸ extremism noun [uncountable] ◆political / religious extremism政治／宗教极端主义 serious1 adjective a serious problem/illness 严重的问题／疾病a serious person/mood/expression 严肃的人／气氛／表情a serious debate/newspaper 严肃的辩论／报纸serious ♦︎ severe ♦︎ extreme ♦︎ critical ♦︎ grave ♦︎ acute ♦︎ drastic ♦︎ desperate ♦︎ dire ♦︎ bad ♦︎ life-threateningThese words all describe things and situations that involve or cause harm or damage to sb/sth. 这些词均表示严重的、危急的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达严重的程度| serious | ➔ | severe | ➔ | extreme | | critical | | grave | | drastic | | bad | | acute | | desperate | | | | | dire | | | | | life-threatening |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / a severe / a critical / a grave / an acute / a desperate / a bad / a life-threatening problem◆a serious / a severe / an extreme / a critical / an acute / a desperate / a dire shortage◆serious / severe / extreme / grave / acute danger◆a serious / a severe / a grave / a dire threat◆serious / severe / extreme / acute / desperate / dire poverty◆a serious / an extreme / a critical / an acute / a desperate / a dire need◆serious / grave / drastic / dire / bad consequences◆a serious / a severe / a critical / a grave / an acute / a life-threatening illness◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a life-threatening disease◆a serious / a severe / a grave / an acute / a bad / a life-threatening injury◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a life-threatening infection◆a serious / a severe / an acute / a bad attack / bout◆particularly serious / severe / extreme / grave / acute / dire / bad◆very / extremely serious / severe / grave / acute / bad■ serious unpleasant or dangerous; that involves or might cause harm or damage to sb/sth 严重的；有危险的；可能造成伤害（或损伤）的◆The storm caused serious damage to farm buildings.暴风雨给农场建筑物造成了严重破坏。◆They pose a serious threat to security.他们对安全构成了严重威胁。◆The consequences could be serious.后果可能是严重的。OPP minor ⇨ minor see also seriousness ⇨ importance ▸ seriously adverb ◆Smoking can seriously damage your health.吸烟会严重损害你的健康。■ severe very serious 十分严重的；极为恶劣的◆The victim suffered severe brain damage.受害人的大脑损伤十分严重。◆The bridge has been closed due to severe weather conditions.由于恶劣的天气情况，这座大桥关闭了。◆Strikes are causing severe disruption to all train services.罢工给所有铁路服务造成严重影响。OPP minor ⇨ minor , mild ⇨ gentle ▸ severely adverb ◆Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished.违法者将受到严惩。▸ severity / /sɪˈverəti/ / noun [uncountable] ◆The chances of a full recovery will depend on the severity of her injuries.能否彻底康复取决于她受伤的严重程度。NOTE 辨析 Serious or severe? Severe is most often used to describe medical conditions and weather conditions. Serious is not used to describe weather conditions. * severe最常用于描述疾病状况或天气情况，serious则不用于描述天气情况◆serious weather ◆a serious winter Serious is used to describe medical conditions in everyday English, but in medical English severe is used. 在日常用语中用serious描述病情，但在医学用语中用severe◆a serious illness严重的疾病◆severe learning difficulties严重学习障碍 ■ extreme (of a situation or action) not ordinary or usual; serious or severe （局势或行为）异乎寻常的，严重的◆Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances.只有在极端情况下才会让孩子离开父母。◆Don't go doing anything extreme like leaving the country.不要做出诸如离开国家之类的极端行为。◆It was the most extreme example of cruelty to animals I had ever seen.这是我见过的最严重的虐待动物的事例。◆extreme weather conditions极端恶劣的天气情况 see also extreme ⇨ maximum ■ critical (rather formal) serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous 严重的；不稳定的；可能有危险的◆The first 24 hours after the operation are the most critical.病人手术后24小时是最危险的。◆ (BrE) One of the victims of the fire remains in a critical condition.一名火灾受害者依然病情危急。◆ (NAmE) One of the victims remains in critical condition.其中一名受害者依然病情危急。◆This is a critical moment in our country's history.这是我国历史上的危急关头。ⓘ Critical is often used with illness and condition to describe medical situations in which there is a possibility that the patient may not survive. Critical is also often used with words relating to time such as moment, period, phase, point, stage, time and years to talk about a time during which an important situation could end in failure or success. * critical常与illness和condition连用，指病人生命危在旦夕。critical也常与有关时间的词连用，如moment、period、phase、point、stage、time和years，指胜败存亡攸关的时刻。▸ critically adverb ◆He is critically ill in hospital.他病得很重，住院了。■ grave (formal) very serious and important; giving you a reason to feel worried 严重的；严峻的；深切的◆I fear you are making a very grave mistake.恐怕你正在犯一个严重错误。◆The police have expressed grave concern about the missing child's safety.警方对失踪孩子的安全深表关切。◆We were in grave danger.我们处于极大的危险之中。ⓘ Grave is used with such words as error, mistake, offence and violation to talk about things that people do wrong. Grave is also used with words like concern, doubt, misgivings, reservations, suspicions and worries to talk about strong feelings that people have when they are worrying about sth. When grave is used to talk about situations, it is often used with such words as consequences, danger, implications, problems, risk and threat. * grave可与error、mistake、offence和violation等词连用，指严重的错误。grave也可与concern、 doubt、misgiving、reservation、suspicion和worry等词连用，指对某事深切的担忧。grave还常与consequence、danger、implication、problem、risk和threat等词连用，表示情况严峻。 see also gravity ⇨ importance ▸ gravely adverb ◆Local people are gravely concerned.当地人都深感不安。■ acute / /əˈkjuːt/ / (rather formal) very serious or severe 十分严重的◆The scandal was an acute embarrassment for the President.这桩丑闻使总统处于极度难堪的境地。◆Competition for jobs is acute.求职竞争非常激烈。ⓘ An acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous. * acute形容疾病时表示急性的◆He was suffering from acute chest pains.他患了急性胸痛。 OPP chronic A chronic illness or problem is one that lasts for a long time and is difficult to cure or get rid of. * chronic表示疾病是慢性的，难以治愈，或问题长期存在，难以根除◆chronic bronchitis / arthritis / asthma慢性支气管炎／关节炎／哮喘◆the country's chronic unemployment problem该国长期存在的失业问题 ▸ acutely adverb ◆She suddenly felt acutely embarrassed.她突然感到极其尴尬。■ drastic (especially of an action) extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth （尤指行为）极端的，急剧的，严厉的，猛烈的◆The government is threatening to take drastic action.政府警告说要采取断然措施。◆Talk to me before you do anything drastic.你采取激烈行动之前要跟我商量。▸ drastically adverb ◆Output has been drastically reduced.产量已急剧下降。◆Things have started to go drastically wrong.情况开始变得完全失控。■ desperate / /ˈdespərət/ / extremely serious or dangerous 极严重的；极危险的；很危急的◆The children are in desperate need of love and attention.这些孩子非常需要爱和关怀。◆They face a desperate shortage of clean water.他们面临洁净水的严重短缺。ⓘ Desperate is used to talk about situations in which people need sth. * desperate用于谈论人们急需某物的情况。▸ desperately adverb ◆She felt desperately in need of human company.她非常想有个人做伴。■ dire / /ˈdaɪə(r)/ / [usually before noun] (especially BrE, formal) extremely serious 极其严重的；危急的◆They were living in dire poverty.他们生活赤贫。◆The firm is in dire straits (= in a very difficult situation) and may go bankrupt.该公司已陷入极度困境之中，可能会破产。ⓘ Dire is not used to talk about medical conditions. In American English it is only used in the phrase in dire straits. * dire不指病情严重。在美式英语中该词仅用在短语in dire straits中。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) serious; severe 严重的；剧烈的◆The engagement was a bad mistake.这婚约是个严重错误。◆It was a very bad winter that year.那年冬天极为寒冷。◆My headache is getting worse.我头痛得越来越厉害了。ⓘ Bad can be used to describe many unpleasant situations, but it is not used to describe danger or an emergency. It is rather informal and used especially in spoken English; in formal or written English it is often better to choose one of the other words in this group. * bad可用于表示许多不愉快的情况，但不修饰危险或紧急情况。该词很不正式，尤用于口语中。在正式或书面用语中，最好选用本组词汇中的其他词语。▸ badly adverb ◆The building is badly in need of repair.这栋大楼急需维修。■ ˈlife-threatening that is likely to kill sb 可能致命的；威胁生命的◆His heart condition is not life-threatening.他的心脏病不会危及生命。◆Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes life-threatening situations.救援人员不得不应对一些艰难的情况，有时可能会威胁生命。ⓘ Life-threatening is used to talk about medical conditions, and dangerous situations in which accidents might happen. * life-threatening用于修饰病情及可能发生意外事故的危险情况。 |