inquiry noun ⇨investigation (a murder inquiry)⇨question (receive inquiries about a job)⇨research (a line of inquiry)
investigation
noun
investigation ♦︎ survey ♦︎ poll ♦︎ enquiry ♦︎ case ♦︎ probe ♦︎ inquest ♦︎ checkThese are all words for a process to find out about sth, especially to find all the facts or the cause of sth.这些词均表示调查、查究，尤指详尽的调查。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest into sth◆a survey / an inquest / a check on sth / sb◆in a survey / a poll / an enquiry◆a full investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest / check◆an independent investigation / survey / poll / enquiry / probe / inquest / check◆an official investigation / survey / enquiry / probe◆a public investigation / survey / enquiry / inquest◆a murder investigation / enquiry / case / probe◆a police investigation / enquiry / probe / check◆to carry out an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / a check◆to conduct an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check◆to order an investigation / an enquiry / a probe / an inquest◆to launch an investigation / a survey / an enquiry / a probe◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest / a check reveals / shows sth◆an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest finds sth◆the results / findings of an investigation / a survey / a poll / an enquiry / an inquest■investigation [countable, uncountable] an official examination of the facts about a crime, accident or other situation（正式的）调查，侦查◆The police have completed their investigations into the accident.警方已完成对这起事故的调查。◆These are the same methods used in criminal investigations.这些方法跟在刑事调查中所使用的相同。◆She is currently under investigation for possessing illegal drugs.她因持有违禁药物目前正在接受调查。■survey [countable] a process to find out the opinions or behaviour of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions民意调查；民意测验◆According to the survey, many young adults have experimented with drugs.调查显示很多年轻人尝试过毒品。◆The charity did a survey of people's attitudes to the disabled.慈善机构就民众对残疾人的态度作了一次调查。 see also survey ⇨ surveyverb■poll / /pəʊl; NAmEpoʊl/ [countable] a process of questioning people who are representative of a larger group to get information about general opinions民意测验；民意调查◆Nelson has a clear lead in the opinion polls.纳尔逊在民意测验中明显领先。◆A nationwide poll revealed differences in food preferences between the North and South.一项全国范围的民意调查显示北方人和南方人对食物各有所好。 see also exit poll,straw poll ⇨ election, poll ⇨ surveyverb■enquiry ( inquiry, especially in NAmE) [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth（正式的）调查，查究，查问◆There will be a public enquiry into the impact of the proposed new road.对拟建新路的影响将进行公开调查。◆ (formal) The director has been suspended on full pay pending an internal enquiry.该董事已被停职，仍领全薪，等候内部调查。■case [countable] a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police（尤指警方）侦查的案情，调查的案件◆A detective is on the case at the moment.一名侦探正在调查此案。◆Four police officers are investigating the case.四名警察在调查此案。◆They never solved the Jones murder case.琼斯谋杀案一直未能侦破。■probe [countable] (journalism新闻) a thorough and careful investigation into sth, especially sth that might be illegal（尤指对涉嫌违法之事的）探究，详尽调查◆There is to be a police probe into the financial affairs of the company.警方将对这家公司的财务进行详细调查。◆Arson probe after three die in blaze(= in a news headline)三人葬身烈焰，已展开纵火调查■inquest /ˈɪŋkwest/ / [countable] an official process to find out the cause of sb's death, especially when it has not happened naturally; a discussion about sth that has failed死因审理；验尸；勘验；（对失败之事所作的）检讨◆There will be a coroner's inquest into his death.将进行验尸以探究他的死因。◆There will inevitably be an inquest into the team's poor performance.对该队的差劲表现必然要进行检讨。■check [countable] (ratherinformal) an investigation to find out more information about sth调查；审查◆Was any check made on Mr Morris when he applied for the job?莫里斯先生申请这个职位时对他进行过调查吗？◆The police ran a check on the registration number of the car.警方对那辆车的牌照号码进行了调查。
question
noun
question ♦︎ enquiry ♦︎ queryThese are all words for a request for information.这些词均表示疑问、询问。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a question / an enquiry / a query about / as to / concerning / on sth◆a question / an enquiry / a query from sb◆a specific / further question / enquiry / query◆detailed / routine / preliminary questions / enquiries◆a customer / general enquiry / query◆to address / direct a question / an enquiry / a query to sb◆to have / deal with / handle / reply to / respond to / answer a question / an enquiry / a query◆to raise / send (in) / put a question / query■question [countable] a sentence, phrase or word that asks for information or expresses doubt about sth问题；疑问◆She refused to answer questions about her private life.她拒绝回答私生活方面的问题。◆In the exam there's sure to be a question on energy.考试中准有关于能量的题目。◆Question 3 was quite difficult.第3题相当难。◆I hope the police don't ask any awkward questions.我希望警方不要问不好回答的问题。◆The question is, how much are they going to pay you?问题是，他们打算付给你多少钱？■enquiry ( inquiry, especially in NAmE) [countable] a request for information or more details about sb/sth询问；查询；打听◆We received over 300 enquiries about the job.我们接到300多个询问，打听这份工作的情况。◆I'll have to make a few enquiries(= try to find out about it) and get back to you.我得打听打听再给你答复。◆After the disaster, the police had a flood of enquiries about missing relatives.灾难过后，警方接到大量询问，打听失踪亲属的情况。 see also enquire ⇨ ask1■query /ˈkwɪəri; NAmEˈkwɪri/ [countable] a question asking for information or expressing doubt about whether sth is correct or not疑问；询问◆If you have a query about your policy, contact our helpline.若对保险单有疑问，请拨打我们的咨询热线。◆Our assistants will be happy to answer your queries.我们的助理将很乐意回答您的问题。ⓘ You might put a query to sb, especially an organization, when you are not sure if you have understood sth properly or you would like it to be explained more clearly.拿不准自己对某事的理解是否正确，或希望得到更清楚的解释而向人查询可用put a query to，后面接某人或某个机构。
research
noun
research ♦︎ analysis ♦︎ exploration ♦︎ scrutiny ♦︎ examination ♦︎ study ♦︎ discussion ♦︎ enquiryThese are all words for the process of examining and finding out more about sth, or the result of this process.这些词均表示调查、研究或研究结果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆research / enquiry into sth◆detailed research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / study / discussion / enquiry◆close analysis / scrutiny / examination / study◆scientific research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / study / enquiry◆historical research / analysis / exploration / examination / study / enquiry◆to carry out / conduct / undertake research / analysis / exploration / an examination / a study◆to do research / analysis / a study◆research / analysis / exploration / scrutiny / examination / the study reveals sth◆research / analysis / examination / the study shows / suggests sth■research [uncountable] ( researches [plural]) the process of studying a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new information about it（尤指为了发掘更多信息的）研究，调查，探索◆He's done a lot of research into renewable energy sources.他已经对可再生能源做了大量研究。◆I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there.为了找到去那里最省钱的方式，我做了一些研究。◆Recent research on deaf children has yielded some interesting results.对失聪儿童的最新研究已经取得了一些有意义的结果。◆We're trying to raise money for cancer research.我们正在努力为癌症研究筹集资金。◆This is a piece of research that should be taken very seriously.这是一项应该严肃认真对待的研究。◆James is a 24-year-old research student from Iowa.詹姆斯是一个来自艾奥瓦州的24岁研究生。◆They pour millions of dollars into research and development(= researching and creating new products).他们投入数百万元进行研发。◆I work for a market research organization(= an organization that finds out what people buy and why).我在一家市场调查机构供职。◆In the course of my researches, I came across some of my grandfather's old letters.在我的研究过程中，我偶然接触到一些祖父的旧信。 see also research ⇨ investigateverb■analysis / /əˈnæləsɪs/ / [uncountable, countable] the process of studying sth in detail in order to understand more about it; the result of this study（对事物的）分析，分析结果◆Most of the information we have so far is based on statistical analysis.迄今为止我们的信息大多基于统计分析得来。◆The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.这本书分析了贫困及其根源。 see also analyse ⇨ examineNOTE辨析 Research or analysis?When you do research you try to find out new information; when you do analysis you look in more detail at the information you already have, in order to understand it better. * research指试图找到新的信息，analysis指深入了解已有信息。■exploration / /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for sth; the act of looking at sth or considering it in detail in order to find out more about it勘探；勘查；探索；探究◆The film is a chronicle of man's exploration of space.这部电影讲述了人类太空探索的历史。◆Extensive oil exploration was carried out using the latest drilling technology.应用最新的钻井技术进行了大规模的石油勘探。◆This was the time of Humboldt's explorations in South America.这就是洪堡在南美探索的时期。 see also explore ⇨ investigateverb■scrutiny / /ˈskruːtəni/ / [uncountable] (formal) the act of considering sth in great detail, especially in order to see or decide if it is good enough仔细探究（尤指为了解或评判是否合格）◆Her argument doesn't really stand up to scrutiny.她的论点经不起认真推敲。◆The documents should be available for public scrutiny.这些文件应公诸于世，交由公众审议。◆Foreign policy has come under close scrutiny recently.近来，政府的外交政策受到了认真彻底的审查。 see also scrutinize ⇨ study■examination [uncountable, countable] the act of considering sth in detail, in order to understand more about it or to make a decision or judgement about it（为了更好地理解某事物或对之作决定或判断的）审查，调查，考查◆Your proposals are still under examination.你的几份提案仍在审查之中。◆On closer examination, her story did not seem to stand up.仔细推究起來，她的说法显得站不住脚。◆The chapter concludes with a brief examination of what causes family break-up.本章结束时简要考查了引起家庭破裂的因素。 see also examine ⇨ examine■study [uncountable, countable] the process of considering sth in detail, in order to understand or find out more about it细致考虑；仔细检查；审视◆The scientific study of American dialects began in 1889.对美国方言的科学研究始于1889年。◆A detailed study of the area was carried out.对该地区进行了详细研究。 see also study ⇨ reportnoun1, study ⇨ examineverbNOTE辨析 Examination or study?Examination has a broader range of meaning than study in this meaning. Study is usually more academic, in order to find out more about a subject; examination may be more practical, in order to make a decision about sth.表达此义时，examination含义比study更宽泛。study通常多与学术相关，目的是对某学科有更多了解；examination可能更多出于实际的需要，是为了对某事作出决定。■discussion [countable, uncountable] a speech or piece of writing that discusses many different aspects of a subject详述；论述◆Her article is a discussion of the methods used in research.她这篇文章论述了研究中运用的方法。◆There will be further discussion of these issues in the next chapter.这些问题将在下一章进一步讨论。 see also discuss ⇨ examine■enquiry ( inquiry) [uncountable] the act of asking questions or collecting information about sb/sth查询；探究；探索◆Some regimes have tried to stifle scientific enquiry.有些政权试图扼杀科学探索。◆We are following several lines of enquiry.我们正沿着几条线索进行调查。 see also enquire into sth ⇨ investigateverb